In bioenergetics, free energy refers to the portion of a system’s energy that is available to do work. The specific form of energy used to understand biological reactions is called Gibbs Energy (G). It helps predict whether a chemical reaction will occur spontaneously under constant temperature and pressure. Gibbs Energy (G) is defined by the … Read more
Understand the approval process and legal requirements for manufacture of new drug under Indian regulations and the Drugs and Cosmetics Act. Manufacture of New Drug The manufacture of new drugs—not previously approved or registered—requires stringent regulations to ensure safety and efficacy. Key Provisions: Clinical Trials: Comprehensive clinical trials are required to establish safety and efficacy, … Read more
This article explains the conditions for grant of manufacturing license under drug laws in India, including legal requirements and compliance rules. Obtaining a license to manufacture drugs in India involves adhering to specific conditions designed to maintain high manufacturing standards: Conditions for Grant of Manufacturing License Infrastructure and Facilities: Adequate manufacturing facilities, storage areas, and … Read more
Bioenergetics Introduction Bioenergetics Introduction: It is a critical subfield of biochemistry that focuses on understanding how living organisms acquire, transform, and use energy to sustain life. This complex process involves various biochemical reactions and pathways that convert energy from one form to another, enabling cells to perform essential functions such as growth, repair, movement, and … Read more
This topic explains about the prohibition of manufacture and sale of certain drugs in India, and the legal restrictions under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act. Prohibition of Manufacture and Sale of Certain Drugs The Act prohibits the manufacture and sale of specific categories of drugs to safeguard public health. Prohibited Drugs: Adulterated Drugs: Drugs containing … Read more
Explore offences and penalties related to import under drug laws in India, including key violations and legal consequences. Offences and Penalties (Related to Import) The Act imposes strict penalties for violations related to the import of drugs and cosmetics to ensure safety and compliance. Key Offences and Penalties: Unauthorized Import: Importing drugs without a license … Read more
Proteins are large, complex biomolecules essential for the structure, function, and regulation of cells, tissues, and organs. Composed of amino acid chains, their sequence determines their 3D structure and specific function. Proteins participate in metabolism, structural support, transport, signaling, and immune defense. Classification of Proteins Protein can be classified based on structure or function, reflecting … Read more
Explore the main objective of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and understand its role in regulating drug and cosmetic safety in India. Objectives The Objective of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 (hereafter referred to as “the Act”) is one of the primary legislations in India aimed at regulating the import, manufacture, distribution, and … Read more
Explore the key provisions of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules, 1945 for drug regulation, safety, and legal compliance in India. Introduction to Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 and Rules 1945 The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules, 1945 regulates the import, manufacture, distribution, and sale of drugs and cosmetics in India. … Read more
Discover the prohibited classes of drugs and cosmetics as defined by law, and understand why certain substances are banned in India. Under Sections 10 and 10A of the Act, certain categories of drugs and cosmetics are strictly prohibited from being imported: Certain classes of drugs and cosmetics are prohibited from being imported into India due … Read more
