Acarbose is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor antidiabetic drug that lowers blood sugar by delaying carbohydrate digestion and glucose absorption. Structure of Acarbose It is a pseudotetrasaccharide composed of glucose units linked by alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glycosidic bonds, modified with a valienamine moiety. Chemical Formula: C₁₈H₃₄N₂O₁₄ Mode of Action Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibition: Blocks enzymes responsible for breaking down … Read more
Nateglinide is a meglitinide antidiabetic drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It lowers blood sugar by stimulating rapid insulin release from the pancreas, making it particularly effective in controlling post-meal glucose levels. With its fast onset and short duration of action, Nateglinide helps improve glycemic control while reducing the risk of … Read more
Repaglinide is a meglitinide antidiabetic drug commonly used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It lowers blood sugar by stimulating quick and short-acting insulin release from the pancreas, particularly effective in controlling postprandial (after-meal) glucose spikes. With its rapid onset and short duration of action, Repaglinide offers flexibility in dosing and is especially … Read more
Rosiglitazone is a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic drug that enhances insulin sensitivity to help manage blood sugar in type 2 diabetes. Structure of Rosiglitazone It is a TZD with a similar core structure to pioglitazone but contains a different aromatic substituent, enhancing its potency. Chemical Formula: C₁₉H₂₅N₃O₃S Mode of Action PPAR-γ Agonism: Increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral … Read more
Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic drug that improves insulin sensitivity and controls blood sugar in type 2 diabetes. Structure of Pioglitazone Pioglitazone is a TZD with a thiazolidinedione ring substituted with a pyridine moiety, enhancing its binding affinity to PPAR-γ. Chemical Formula: C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₂S Mode of Action PPAR-γ Agonism: Enhances insulin sensitivity by modulating gene expression … Read more
Metformin is a biguanide antidiabetic drug that lowers blood sugar by reducing hepatic glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity. Structure of Metformin Metformin is a biguanide derivative with two guanidine groups attached to a dimethylamine backbone. Chemical Formula: C₄H₁₁N₅ Mode of Action AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Activation: Enhances insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis. Intestinal … Read more
Glimepiride is a third-generation sulfonylurea antidiabetic drug widely used in type 2 diabetes treatment. It lowers blood sugar by stimulating pancreatic insulin secretion and is considered more effective and safer than earlier sulfonylureas, offering better glycemic control with a lower risk of side effects. Structure of Glimepiride Glimepiride is a third-generation sulfonylurea with a triazole … Read more
Glipizide is a second-generation sulfonylurea antidiabetic drug used in type 2 diabetes management. It lowers blood sugar by enhancing insulin release from the pancreas and offers greater potency with fewer side effects compared to first-generation agents. Structure of Glipizide Glipizide is a second-generation sulfonylurea with a substituted imidazolidine ring, offering improved potency and shorter half-life. … Read more
Introduction to Chlorpropamide: Chlorpropamide is a first-generation sulfonylurea antidiabetic drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It helps lower blood sugar by stimulating pancreatic insulin secretion, thereby enhancing the body’s natural ability to regulate glucose levels. As one of the earliest oral hypoglycemic agents, it plays an important role in improving glycemic … Read more
Tolbutamide is a first-generation sulfonylurea antidiabetic drug that lowers blood sugar by stimulating insulin release from the pancreas. Structure of Tolbutamide Tolbutamide is a first-generation sulfonylurea with a benzene ring substituted with a sulfonylurea moiety and butyl side chains. Chemical Formula: C₁₆H₂₅N₃O₃S Mode of Action ATP-Sensitive K⁺ Channel Blockade: Inhibits K⁺ channels on pancreatic beta … Read more
