Thyroid hormones and the thyroid gland regulate metabolism, growth, and energy balance, playing a vital role in overall body function. The thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped organ located in the front of the neck, plays a crucial role in the body’s endocrine system. It produces thyroid hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are essential … Read more
Thyroid and Antithyroid Drugs Thyroid and antithyroid drugs regulate thyroid hormone levels, treating disorders like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Thyroid Gland and Hormones Thyroid Gland: Location: Front of the neck. Function: Regulates metabolism, growth, and development through hormone production. Primary Thyroid Hormones: Thyroxine (T4): Function: Increases metabolic rate, influences protein synthesis, and regulates growth. Triiodothyronine (T3): … Read more
Ayurveda is one of the oldest holistic healing systems, originating in India over 5,000 years ago. The term “Ayurveda” is derived from Sanskrit words: “Ayur” meaning life “Veda” meaning knowledge or science Ayurveda focuses on maintaining the balance of bodily functions through diet, lifestyle, herbal medicine, and spiritual practices. Principle The fundamental concept in Ayurveda … Read more
Traditional systems of medicine refer to healing practices that have been used for centuries in different cultures. Traditional Systems of Medicine are based on natural remedies, including plant-based medicines, minerals, and animal products, to treat diseases and maintain health. They follow holistic approaches that focus on restoring balance in the body rather than just treating … Read more
Role of Pharmacognosy in Allopathy (Modern Medicine) involves sourcing drugs from natural plants for therapeutic use. Pharmacognosy plays a crucial role in allopathy by contributing to drug discovery, development, and standardization of natural products. Many modern medicines are derived from natural sources, and pharmacognosy helps in identifying, extracting, and modifying bioactive compounds for therapeutic use. … Read more
Maintenance of in plant tissue culture ensures healthy growth, prevents contamination, and supports long-term research use. Maintenance of in plant tissue culture preserves explants under controlled light, temperature, and nutrient conditions. Inoculation and Aseptic Handling Work in a laminar flow cabinet to maintain sterility. Use sterile tools and techniques to transfer explants or subculture tissues. … Read more
What Are Edible Vaccines? Edible vaccines are genetically modified plants that produce antigens, which, when consumed, stimulate an immune response against specific diseases. How Are They Made? A gene encoding an antigen (from a virus or bacterium) is inserted into a plant’s DNA using Agrobacterium tumefaciens or gene gun technology. The plant expresses the antigen, … Read more
Applications of Plant Tissue Culture in Pharmacognosy enable mass production of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants. Applications of Plant Tissue Culture in Pharmacognosy aid rare medicinal plant preservation and sustainable herbal drug resources. Plant tissue culture has several applications in this field: Large-Scale Production: Cultures produce secondary metabolites (e.g., alkaloids, flavonoids) for medicinal use. Example: … Read more
Types of Plant Tissue Cultures include callus, suspension, organ, meristem, and protoplast cultures for plant propagation. Plant tissue culture techniques vary depending on the part of the plant being cultured and the objective of the study. Below are the major types of plant tissue cultures, each with its unique methodology and applications. 1. Callus Culture … Read more
Historical Development of Plant Tissue Culture traces key milestones from discovery to modern applications in plant science. Historical Development of Plant Tissue Culture highlights advances enabling crop improvement and conservation. Plant tissue culture has evolved over more than a century, with key contributions from various scientists. Here’s a concise historical timeline: Period Key Developments Scientists … Read more
