Principle of Filter Leaf It operates on the principle of surface filtration, where the slurry is filtered through a porous medium (filtered leaf) to separate solids from liquids. Construction of Filter Leaf Filter Leaf: A metal frame covered with filter cloth or wire mesh. Filter Tank: A tank where the filter leaves are submerged. Agitator: … Read more
Principle of Plate & Frame Filter The plate and frame filter press operates on the principle of pressure filtration. A slurry (mixture of solid particles and liquid) is pumped into the press, and pressure is applied to separate the solid particles from the liquid. Construction of Plate & Frame Filter Filter Plates: Flat plates with … Read more
Principles of Tray Dryer A tray dryer operates on the principle of convection drying, where heated air circulates over the trays containing the wet material. The moisture from the material is transferred to the air and carried away, leaving the material dry. Construction of Tray Dryer Chamber: An insulated enclosure to maintain heat. Trays: Perforated … Read more
The “rate of drying curve” is a graphical representation used in drying processes to illustrate how the moisture content in a material change over time. This curve is important in various industries such as food processing, pharmaceuticals, and materials science for optimizing drying techniques and understanding the kinetics of moisture removal. Rate of Drying Curve … Read more
Homeostasis is the process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external surroundings. Think of it like a thermostat in your home that keeps the temperature just right—neither too hot nor too cold. Components of Homeostasis To maintain homeostasis, three main components are involved: Receptor (Sensor): This detects changes … Read more
Pregnancy is the period during which a fertilized egg (zygote) develops into a fetus inside the uterus of a female. It usually lasts around 40 weeks, or about 9 months, from the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP) and is divided into three trimesters. Signs and symptoms of pregnancy Early Signs and Symptoms … Read more
Oogenesis is the process by which female germ cells, called oocytes, develop into mature eggs (ova) in the ovaries. It involves a series of cell divisions and developmental stages that result in the production of a single mature ovum from a primordial germ cell. Stages of Oogenesis Oogenesis can be divided into the following stages: … Read more
Spermatogenesis is a complex, highly organized process of sperm cell (spermatozoon) production in males. It occurs within the seminiferous tubules of the testes, the male reproductive organs responsible for sperm and testosterone production. This process is critical for sexual reproduction and involves several stages, each marked by specific cellular transformations under the influence of various … Read more
Menstruation is the cyclic shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium) in response to hormonal fluctuations that occur during a woman’s menstrual cycle. The cycle is typically divided into four phases: 1. Menstrual Phase (Days 1-5): The menstrual phase marks the beginning of the cycle. Hormonal changes: Decreasing levels of estrogen and progesterone from the previous … Read more
Sex hormone are hormones that are responsible for the development and regulation of sexual characteristics and functions. They include Estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone, which are produced by the ovaries and testes respectively, as well as other hormones such as luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) that regulate their production. Male sex hormones Male sex … Read more
