Diuretics are a class of medications that promote the excretion of water and electrolytes (such as sodium and potassium) through the kidneys. They are primarily used to manage conditions like hypertension (high blood pressure), heart failure, kidney disorders, and certain cases of edema (fluid retention). By increasing urine output, diuretics help reduce blood volume, thereby … Read more

Nimodipine is a calcium channel blocker used to prevent brain damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage by improving cerebral blood flow. Structure of Nimodipine Nimodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker with a substituted phenyl ring and a methoxyethyl side chain attached to the dihydropyridine core. Chemical Formula: C₂₄H₃₀N₂O₆ Mode of Action Calcium Channel Blocking: Selectively inhibits … Read more

Nicardipine is a calcium channel blocker used to manage angina and hypertension by easing blood vessel tension and improving flow. Structure of Nicardipine Nicardipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker with a substituted phenyl ring and a methoxyethyl group attached to the dihydropyridine core. Chemical Formula: C₂₂H₂₆N₂O₆ Mode of Action Calcium Channel Blocking: Inhibits L-type … Read more

Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic used for glaucoma, altitude sickness, and some seizure and edema conditions. Structure of Acetazolamide Acetazolamide is a sulfonamide derivative with a central sulfonamide group attached to a benzene ring and a dithiocarbamate moiety. Chemical Formula: C₄H₆N₂O₃S₂ Mode of Action Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition: Acetazolamide inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, … Read more

Felodipine is a calcium channel blocker that treats high blood pressure and angina by relaxing blood vessels and lowering heart workload. Structure of Felodipine Felodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker with a substituted phenyl ring and a methoxyethyl side chain attached to the dihydropyridine core. Chemical Formula: C₂₂H₂₄N₂O₅ Mode of Action Calcium Channel Blocking: … Read more

Amlodipine is a long-acting calcium channel blocker used in angina and hypertension by relaxing blood vessels and lowering heart workload. Structure of Amlodipine Amlodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker with a substituted phenyl ring and an ethyl group attached to the dihydropyridine core. Chemical Formula: C₂₀H₂₄N₂O₅ Mode of Action Calcium Channel Blocking: Inhibits L-type … Read more

Bepridil Hydrochloride is a calcium channel blocker used in angina to reduce heart workload and improve coronary blood flow. Structure of Bepridil Hydrochloride It is a benzothiazepine derivative with a phenyl ring attached to a thiazepine ring containing multiple substituents. Chemical Formula: C₂₅H₃₈ClN₃OS Mode of Action Calcium Channel Blocking: Inhibits L-type calcium channels in cardiac … Read more

Diltiazem Hydrochloride is a calcium channel blocker used in angina to relax blood vessels and lower heart rate, reducing oxygen demand. Structure of Diltiazem Hydrochloride It is a benzothiazepine derivative with an imidazole ring fused to a thiazepine ring, attached to methoxy and ethyl substituents. Chemical Formula: C₂₀H₂₄N₂O₄S·HCl Mode of Action Calcium Channel Blocking: Inhibits … Read more

Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker used in angina and hypertension by dilating blood vessels and reducing cardiac workload. Structure of Nifedipine Nifedipine is a dihydropyridine derivative featuring a phenyl ring attached to a dihydropyridine core with ethyl and methoxy substituents. Chemical Formula: C₁₅H₁₈N₂O₆ Mode of Action Calcium Channel Blocking: Selectively inhibits L-type calcium channels … Read more