Amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic used in hypertension and edema by inhibiting sodium reabsorption and conserving potassium in the kidneys.
Structure of Amiloride
- Amiloride is a non-steroidal potassium-sparing diuretic with a benzothiadiazine core fused to a pyridine ring, containing amine groups.
- Chemical Formula: C₄H₇N₄O₃S₂
Mode of Action
- ENaC Inhibition: Blocks epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) in the collecting ducts, reducing sodium reabsorption.
- Potassium Retention: Minimizes potassium excretion by antagonizing sodium reabsorption.
- Sodium Excretion: Promotes diuresis by increasing sodium and water excretion without significant potassium loss.
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Uses
- Edema: Manages fluid retention in congestive heart failure and renal disease.
- Hypertension: Lowers blood pressure by promoting sodium excretion.
- Heart Failure: Reduces fluid overload and prevents hypokalemia when used with other diuretics.
- Hyperaldosteronism: Treats conditions with excess aldosterone production.
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