Anti-Anxiety Agents (Anxiolytics)

This article explains about the Anti-anxiety agents (anxiolytics) reduce anxiety and tension by calming the central nervous system.

Definition of Anti-Anxiety Agents:

• Drugs that relieve anxiety symptoms without causing excessive sedation.

Classification of Anti-Anxiety Agents (Anxiolytics):

1. Benzodiazepines

   • Examples: Diazepam, Lorazepam, Alprazolam
   • Mechanism: Enhance GABA-A receptor activity → increased Cl⁻ influx → hyperpolarization

2. Non-benzodiazepine Anxiolytics

   • Buspirone: 5-HT1A partial agonist, no sedation or addiction
   • Hydroxyzine: Antihistamine with sedative properties

3. Beta-blockers (Propranolol)

   • Used for performance anxiety (blunt physical symptoms)

Therapeutic Uses:

• Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
• Panic disorder
• Short-term stress reactions
• Preoperative sedation

Side Effects:

• Benzodiazepines: Sedation, tolerance, dependence, withdrawal seizures
• Buspirone: Delayed onset, dizziness, headache
• Beta-blockers: Bradycardia, fatigue

Pharmacokinetics:

• Benzodiazepines differ in half-lives
• Metabolized hepatically, some have active metabolites (e.g., Diazepam)

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