FirstHope 
Bernoulli’s Theorem states that for an incompressible, frictionless fluid, the total mechanical energy along a streamline is constant. Mathematically, $P + \frac{1}{2} \rho v^2 + \rho g h = \text{constant} $ here: P = static pressure ρ = fluid density v = fluid velocity g = acceleration due to gravity h = height above a … Read more
Principle of Ball Mill: Operates on the principle of impact and attrition. Rotating balls in a cylindrical shell cause size reduction by repeated impacts as they tumble. Construction of Ball Mill: Cylindrical Shell: Rotating drum filled with grinding media (balls). Grinding Media: Balls made of steel, ceramic, or other materials. Feed Mechanism: Hopper for material … Read more
Size Reduction Size reduction is a process used in various industries to decrease the size of solid materials. It plays a crucial role in numerous applications, including mineral processing, pharmaceuticals, food production, and chemical manufacturing. Objectives of Size Reduction Increase Surface Area: Enhancing the rate of chemical reactions. Improving solubility and mixing efficiency. Improve Handling … Read more
Several empirical laws Governing Size Reduction describe the energy required for size reduction. Rittinger’s Law: Suggests that the energy required for size reduction is directly proportional to the new surface area generated. $E = K_R \left( \frac{1}{D_1} – \frac{1}{D_2} \right) $ Where; E = energy required Kr = Rittinger’s constant D1 = initial particle size … Read more
Principle of Fluid Energy Mill: Operates on the principle of particle size reduction by collision. High-velocity air or gas jets are used to create turbulent conditions, leading to size reduction through particle collision. Construction of Fluid Energy Mill: Grinding Chamber: Circular or oval chamber with no moving parts. Nozzles: High-pressure air or gas jets. Feed … Read more
Principle of Rotameter: Based on the variable area principle. A float rises in a tapered tube until the area between the float and the tube balances the gravitational force on the float. The flow rate is directly read from a scale on the tube. Construction of Rotameter: Tapered Tube: Vertically mounted, widens from bottom to … Read more
Definition of Sieves: Sieves are devices with mesh or perforated surfaces used to separate particles based on size. Construction of Sieves: Made from woven wire mesh, perforated metal plates, or electroformed mesh. Mesh number indicates the number of openings per linear inch. Higher mesh numbers have smaller openings. Use in Size Separation: Particles are separated … Read more
Principle of Edge Runner Mill: Operates on the principle of crushing and grinding. Heavy rollers grind material by rolling over it. Construction of Edge Runner Mill: Grinding Surface: Flat or slightly concave surface. Rollers: Heavy cylindrical rollers that rotate around a central pivot. Feed Mechanism: Hopper for material input. Discharge Mechanism: Outlet for processed material. … Read more
Principles of Sieve Shaker: Operates based on the principle of size separation through sieving. Particles are sorted by passing through a stack of sieves with progressively smaller openings, relying on gravity and mechanical motion to achieve separation. Construction of Sieve Shaker: Sieves: A stack of sieves with different mesh sizes. Shaking Mechanism: A motor-driven device … Read more
Principles of Air Separator: Separates particles based on size, shape, and density using an airflow. Lighter and finer particles are carried away by the air stream, while heavier particles settle. Construction of Air Separator: Separation Chamber: A vertical or horizontal chamber where separation occurs. Fans/Blowers: Generate the airflow required for separation. Inlet: For feeding the … Read more
