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Tetrachloromethane (Carbon Tetrachloride) Definition Tetrachloromethane, commonly known as Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl₄), is a colorless, volatile, non-flammable liquid with a characteristic sweet odor. It is a chlorinated hydrocarbon in which all four hydrogen atoms of methane (CH₄) are replaced by chlorine atoms. Structure: Chemical Formula: CCl₄ Molecular Structure: A single carbon atom bonded to four chlorine … Read more
Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride) Definition Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride), also known as methylene chloride, is a volatile, colorless liquid with a moderately sweet aroma. It is a halogenated hydrocarbon with the chemical formula: Structure: Chemical Formula: CH₂Cl₂ Molecular Structure: A single carbon atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and two chlorine atoms. Bonding: The carbon atom forms … Read more
Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene) Definition Tetrachloroethylene, also known as Perchloroethylene (PCE), is a colorless, volatile, nonflammable liquid with a mild, sweet odor. It is an organochlorine compound with the chemical formula C₂Cl₄. This compound is primarily used as a solvent in dry cleaning and for degreasing metals. Structure: Chemical Formula: C₂Cl₄ Molecular Structure: Consists of two carbon … Read more
Introduction of Sachse-Mohr Theory: Sachse and Mohr Theory expanded on the idea of non-planar conformations by proposing a theory specifically for cyclohexane and larger rings. This theory is also known as the Theory of Stainless Rings. Key Concepts of Sachse-Mohr Theory: Chair Conformation: Sachse and Mohr proposed that cyclohexane adopts a chair conformation, where all … Read more
Alkyl halides are versatile compounds in organic chemistry, participating in a variety of chemical reactions that form the backbone of synthetic strategies. Here’s an organized summary of the important reactions involving alkyl halides, including their chemical equations: Nucleophilic Substitution in Alkyl halides chemical reaction SN2 Mechanism: Involves a backside attack by the nucleophile and is … Read more
Trichloroethylene Definition Trichloroethylene is a clear, non-flammable, volatile liquid organic compound with the chemical formula C₂HCl₃. It is primarily used as a degreasing agent for metal parts and has applications in the manufacture of other chemicals. Structure of Trichloroethylene: Chemical Formula: C₂HCl₃ Molecular Structure: Contains a two-carbon backbone with one double bond. One carbon is bonded … Read more
Introduction of Coulson and Moffitt’s Modification: Coulson and Moffitt’s Modification in 1947, modified Baeyer’s theory by introducing the concept of non-planar ring structures, particularly for cyclohexane. Key Concepts: Non-Planar Structures: They proposed that cyclohexane is not planar but rather adopts non-planar structures like the chair and boat conformations, which relieve angle strain. Bond Angle Deformation: Coulson … Read more
Chloroform (Trichloromethane) Definition Chloroform (Trichloromethane), also known by its IUPAC name trichloromethane (CHCl₃), is a colorless, volatile, and sweet-smelling liquid that is non-flammable and heavier than water. It belongs to the class of compounds called halogenated hydrocarbons and is primarily used as a solvent, reagent, and intermediate in the production of various chemicals, especially refrigerants … Read more
Baeyer’s Strain Theory of Cycloalkanes proposed by Adolf von Baeyer in 1885, Baeyer’s Strain Theory is one of the earliest theories explaining the stability of cycloalkanes. Key Concepts of Baeyer’s Strain Theory of Cycloalkanes : Angle Strain: The theory is based on the idea that carbon atoms in a cycloalkane are sp³ hybridized, and therefore, … Read more
Ethyl chloride chloroethane, is a colorless, flammable gas or liquid under pressure with a faintly sweet odor. Ethyl chloride chloroethane is an ethyl group (C₂H₅) bonded to a chlorine atom, giving it the molecular formula C₂H₅Cl. It belongs to the class of compounds known as alkyl halides. Structure of Ethyl Chloride: Chemical Formula: C₂H₅Cl Molecular … Read more
