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Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor used in hypertension and heart failure by relaxing blood vessels and reducing blood pressure. Structure of Enalapril Enalapril is a prodrug ACE inhibitor converted to enalaprilat in vivo, featuring a proline derivative linked to a diethyl ester. Chemical Formula: C₁₇H₂₅N₃O₅ Mode of Action Prodrug Activation: Converted to active enalaprilat in … Read more

Diazoxide is a vasodilator used in hypertensive emergencies by relaxing arterioles and rapidly reducing blood pressure. Structure of Diazoxide Diazoxide is a benzothiadiazine derivative with an open ring structure, containing a sulfonamide group and a hydroxyl substituent. Chemical Formula: C₈H₇N₃O₃S Mode of Action Potassium Channel Opener: Activates ATP-sensitive potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle. Hyperpolarization: … Read more

Sodium Nitroprusside is a potent vasodilator used in hypertensive emergencies by rapidly relaxing blood vessels and lowering blood pressure. Structure of Sodium Nitroprusside It is a coordination complex containing a central iron atom bonded to five cyanide ligands and two nitrosyl groups. Chemical Formula: Na₂[Fe(CN)₅NO] Mode of Action Nitric Oxide Release: It releases nitric oxide … Read more

Reserpine is an antihypertensive and antipsychotic agent that lowers blood pressure by depleting norepinephrine from nerve endings. Structure of Reserpine Reserpine is an indole alkaloid derived from the Rauwolfia serpentina plant, featuring a complex structure with an indole ring and multiple alkyl side chains. Chemical Formula: C₂₂H₂₄N₂O Mode of Action Sympathetic Inhibition: Depletes catecholamines (norepinephrine, … Read more

Guanabenz Acetate is a centrally acting antihypertensive that lowers blood pressure by reducing sympathetic nerve activity. Structure of Guanabenz Acetate It is a guanidine derivative with an aromatic ring substituted with an ethylene bridge connecting to a guanidine moiety. Chemical Formula: C₁₀H₁₉N₃O₂S Mode of Action Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonism: Activates central alpha-2 receptors, reducing sympathetic outflow. … Read more

Guanethidine Monosulphate is an adrenergic neuron blocker used in hypertension by inhibiting norepinephrine release and lowering blood pressure. Structure of Guanethidine Monosulphate It is a guanidine derivative featuring a guanidine moiety linked to an aromatic ring via an ethylene bridge. Chemical Formula: C₁₄H₁₉N₃O₆S Mode of Action Sympathetic Inhibition: Blocks norepinephrine release from postganglionic sympathetic neurons … Read more

Clonidine Hydrochloride is a centrally acting antihypertensive that lowers blood pressure by decreasing sympathetic outflow from the brain. Structure of Clonidine Hydrochloride It is an imidazoline derivative with a chlorinated aromatic ring and an imidazoline core. Chemical Formula: C₉H₉ClN₂ · HCl Mode of Action Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonism: Activates central alpha-2 receptors in the brainstem. Sympathetic … Read more

Methyldopate Hydrochloride is a centrally acting antihypertensive used to lower blood pressure by reducing sympathetic nerve signals. Structure of Methyldopate Hydrochloride It is an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist with a phenethylamine backbone substituted with a hydroxyl group and a chlorine atom. Chemical Formula: C₁₁H₁₆ClN₂O·HCl Mode of Action Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonism: Activates presynaptic alpha-2 receptors in … Read more

Quinapril Hydrochloride is an ACE inhibitor used to manage hypertension and heart failure by lowering blood pressure through vasodilation. Structure of Quinapril Hydrochloride It is a prodrug ACE inhibitor with a quinoline ring fused to a pyrrolidine moiety. Chemical Formula: C₂₈H₃₈N₃O₆S·HCl Mode of Action Prodrug Activation: Converted to quinaprilat, the active metabolite. ACE Inhibition: Blocks … Read more

Benazepril Hydrochloride is an ACE inhibitor used to treat hypertension by relaxing blood vessels and lowering blood pressure. Structure of Benazepril Hydrochloride It is a prodrug ACE inhibitor with a benzimidazole core and a carbamate moiety. Chemical Formula: C₂₀H₃₄N₅O₆S·HCl Mode of Action Prodrug Activation: Metabolized to benazeprilat, the active form. ACE Inhibition: Prevents conversion of … Read more