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Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine focusing on balance of body, mind, and spirit through natural therapies and herbs. Origin and Historical Context Ayurveda, one of the oldest codified medical systems, dates back over 3,000 years. Major texts include: Charaka Samhita – Focuses on internal medicine. Sushruta Samhita – Emphasizes surgery and anatomy. … Read more

Traditional Systems of Medicine include Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and other ancient practices using natural remedies for healing. Traditional Systems of Medicine Traditional medicine includes various holistic healing practices that have been used for centuries. These systems focus on natural remedies, lifestyle balance, and overall well-being. Ayurveda Ancient Indian system based on balancing bodily energies (Vata, … Read more

Processing of herbal raw material in detail covers drying, purification, size reduction, and storage to maintain quality and efficacy. Processing of herbal raw material in detail Once harvested, herbs undergo various processing steps to maintain quality, stability, and therapeutic potential. Harvesting Timing is crucial—phytochemicals peak at specific growth stages (e.g., flowers in early bloom, roots … Read more

Biodynamic Agriculture is a holistic farming system using organic methods, lunar cycles, and natural preparations for soil and crop health. Biodynamic agriculture is a holistic and sustainable farming approach that treats the farm as a self-sustaining organism. It emphasizes natural soil enrichment, biodiversity, and working with natural rhythms like lunar and astronomical cycles. Key Principles: … Read more

Good Agriculture Practices ensure safe and sustainable cultivation of medicinal plants with standards for quality, safety, and efficacy. Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) are a set of guidelines that ensure the safe, sustainable, and high-quality production of food and medicinal crops while protecting farmers, consumers, and the environment. Principles of Good Agricultural … Read more

Organic farming is a sustainable agricultural method that avoids synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, instead relying on natural inputs to maintain soil health, pest control, and biodiversity. It promotes environmental sustainability, animal welfare, and farmer well-being. Principles of Organic Farming: Prioritizing Soil Health – Enhancing fertility using compost, crop rotation, and organic matter. Promoting Biodiversity – … Read more

Pest and Pest Management in Medicinal Plants focus on controlling insects and diseases using biological, cultural, and organic methods. What is a Pest? Pests are organisms that cause damage to crops, livestock, and other economically or ecologically important organisms. They reduce yield, lower quality, and increase production costs, threatening sustainability. Types of Pests: Insects – … Read more

Biopesticides/bioinsecticides are natural pest control agents derived from microbes and plants used for safe and sustainable farming. Biopesticides and Bioinsecticides Biopesticides, also known as biological pesticides, are natural pest control agents derived from bacteria, fungi, viruses, plants, and other living organisms. They effectively manage insects, mites, and plant pathogens while being environmentally friendly and safer … Read more