FirstHope 
Evaporation is a process where a liquid is converted into vapor, typically by heating, and then separated from the remaining liquid phase. This is widely used in various industries for concentrating solutions, drying materials, and recovering valuable substances. Objectives of Evaporation Concentration: Increasing the concentration of a solute in a solvent by removing the solvent. … Read more
Fourier’s law of heat conduction states that the rate of heat transfer through a material is proportional to the negative gradient of the temperature and the area through which the heat flows. Mathematically, it is expressed as: $\mathbf{q} = -k \nabla $ where: q is the heat flux (heat transfer per unit area per unit … Read more
Heat transfer is the movement of thermal energy from a hotter object to a cooler one via conduction, convection, or radiation. Objectives Control Temperature: Maintaining the desired temperature in industrial processes and living environments. Enhance Efficiency: Improving the efficiency of thermal systems by optimizing heat exchange. Safety: Preventing overheating or excessive cooling that could lead … Read more
Thymus is a small, lymphoid organ located in the upper anterior portion of the chest cavity, just behind the sternum. It plays a vital role in the development and maturation of T-lymphocytes (T cells), which are crucial components of the adaptive immune system. The thymus is most active during childhood and adolescence, gradually decreasing in … Read more
The pineal gland is a small, pea-shaped endocrine gland located in the brain, near the center of the brain, between the two hemispheres, tucked in a groove where the two rounded thalamic bodies join. Despite its small size, the pineal gland plays a significant role in the regulation of various body functions, especially related to … Read more
The adrenal glands are small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of both kidneys. They are part of the body’s endocrine system, producing hormones that are vital for life. Each adrenal gland is structurally and functionally divided into two main parts: the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla, each responsible for producing different sets of hormones. … Read more
The parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands in the neck that play a crucial role in calcium homeostasis, which is essential for various bodily functions including bone health, muscle function, and nerve signaling. Humans typically have four parathyroid glands, though the number can vary, located on the back of the thyroid gland in the neck. … Read more
The Thyroid gland is a vital hormone gland that plays a major role in the metabolism, growth, and development of the human body. It helps to regulate many body functions by constantly releasing a steady amount of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream. Located in the front part of the neck below the Adam’s apple, it … Read more
The pituitary gland, often referred to as the “master gland,” plays a pivotal role in regulating vital body functions and the endocrine system. It is a small, pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain, just behind the bridge of the nose, in a bony structure called the Sella turcica. The gland is divided … Read more
Mechanism of hormone action involves complex biochemical processes that allow hormones to regulate various physiological functions in the body. Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands into the bloodstream, where they travel to target cells or organs to exert their effects. Mechanism of Hormone Action can be broadly classified into two types based on … Read more
