FirstHope

Industrial Production of Artemisinin Source Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone derived from the sweet wormwood plant, Artemisia annua. Extraction Process: Cultivation: annua is cultivated under controlled conditions to optimize artemisinins yield. Harvesting: Leaves and flowering tops are harvested and dried. Extraction: Typically involves solvent extraction using hexane or ethanol. Isolation: Techniques such as column chromatography … Read more

Industrial Production of Sennoside Source: Sennosides are anthraquinone glycosides extracted mainly from plants of the genus Senna, such as Senna alexandrina and Senna obtusifolia. Extraction Process of Sennoside: Harvesting: Leaves and pods are harvested and dried. Extraction: Typically involves aqueous or alcoholic extraction to solubilize sennosides. Isolation: Techniques like liquid-liquid extraction and chromatography (e.g., silica … Read more

Forskolin: A labdane diterpene from Coleus forskolin, activates adenylate cyclase.  Forskolin: Used in weight loss, glaucoma, and heart health research. Industrial Production of Forskolin Source: Forskolin is primarily extracted from the roots of Coleus forskohlii, a member of the mint family. Extraction Process of Forskolin: Harvesting: Roots are harvested, cleaned, and dried. Extraction: The dried … Read more

Source and Occurrence of Glycyrrhetinic Acid Glycyrrhetinic acid is derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) root. It is the aglycone of glycyrrhizin, a triterpenoid saponin responsible for the sweet taste of licorice. Isolation Extraction: Alcoholic Extraction: Dried licorice root is powdered and extracted with ethanol or methanol to obtain the glycosides. Hydrolysis: Acid Hydrolysis: Glycyrrhizin is … Read more

Source and Occurrence of Podophyllotoxin Podophyllotoxin is extracted from the roots and rhizomes of Podophyllum species (e.g., Podophyllum peltatum—Mayapple). It is a lignan with antiviral and anticancer properties. Isolation Extraction: Ethanolic or Methanolic Extraction: Dried Podophyllum roots are powdered and extracted with ethanol or methanol to obtain the resinous extract. Purification: Liquid-Liquid Extraction: Utilizing solvents … Read more

Definition of Resins Resins are viscous, solid or semi-solid mixtures of organic compounds, mainly terpenoids and derivatives, exuded by plants (especially conifers) and some insects for protection and structural purposes. Composition Diterpenes/Triterpenes: Backbone structures. Phenolic Compounds: Provide rigidity and reactivity. Other Compounds: Essential oils, alcohols, acids. Sources of Resins Plant Resin: E.g., pine resin, frankincense. … Read more

Source and Occurrence of Curcumin Curcumin is the principal curcuminoid found in Turmeric (Curcuma longa), a member of the ginger family. It is responsible for turmeric’s bright yellow color and has extensive applications in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Isolation Extraction: Solvent Extraction: Dried turmeric rhizomes are powdered and … Read more

Source and Occurrence of Caffeine Caffeine is a purine alkaloid found in Coffee beans (Coffea spp.), Tea leaves (Camellia sinensis), Cacao beans (Theobroma cacao), and Kola nuts (Cola spp.). It is a central nervous system stimulant. Isolation Extraction: Solvent Extraction: Ground coffee beans or tea leaves are extracted with water or organic solvents like dichloromethane … Read more

Source and Occurrence of Reserpine Reserpine is extracted from the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina (Indian snakeroot) and Rauwolfia vomitoria. It is an indole alkaloid with antihypertensive and antipsychotic properties. Isolation Extraction: Alcoholic Extraction: Dried and powdered Rauwolfia roots are extracted with ethanol or methanol to obtain the alkaloids. Purification: Acid-Base Extraction: The extract is acidified … Read more