FirstHope

Nesiritide is a recombinant BNP drug used in acute decompensated heart failure to promote vasodilation and reduce fluid overload. Structure of Nesiritide Nesiritide is a recombinant form of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), comprising a 32-amino acid polypeptide with disulfide bonds stabilizing its structure. Chemical Formula: C₁₈H₂₇N₅O₅S₆ Mode of Action Guanylate Cyclase Activation: Binds to natriuretic … Read more

Bosentan is an endothelin receptor antagonist used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension by relaxing blood vessels. Structure of Bosentan Bosentan is a non-selective endothelin receptor antagonist with a central benzothiazole core linked to aromatic rings and amine groups. Chemical Formula: C₂₀H₂₀N₂O₂S₂ Mode of Action Endothelin Receptor Blocking: Antagonizes endothelin-1 (ET-1) receptors (ETA and ETB), preventing … Read more

Tezosentan is an endothelin receptor antagonist used in heart failure to improve blood flow and reduce vascular resistance. Structure of Tezosentan Tezosentan is a selective endothelin receptor antagonist with a quinazoline core linked to aromatic substituents and amine groups. Chemical Formula: C₂₄H₂₂N₄O₆S₂ Mode of Action Selective Endothelin Receptor Blocking: Primarily antagonizes ETA receptors, reducing vasoconstriction … Read more

Digitoxin is a cardiac glycoside that treats CHF by improving heart pumping efficiency and controlling heartbeat. Structure of Digitoxin Digitoxin is a cardiac glycoside similar to digoxin but with a longer half-life due to fewer hydroxyl groups on the steroid nucleus. Chemical Formula: C₄₉H₇₄O₁₉ Mode of Action Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase Inhibition: Similar to digoxin, inhibits the sodium-potassium … Read more

Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside used in CHF and atrial fibrillation to strengthen heart contractions and regulate rhythm. Structure of Digoxin Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside derived from the foxglove plant, featuring a steroid nucleus linked to a lactone ring and a sugar moiety. Chemical Formula: C₄₈H₇₂O₁₉ Mode of Action Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase Inhibition: Binds to the … Read more

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a chronic condition where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively to meet the body’s needs, leading to a buildup of fluid in tissues and organs. Types of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Left-Sided Heart Failure: Affects the left ventricle, causing fluid to back up into the lungs (pulmonary congestion). … Read more

Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet drug that prevents strokes and heart attacks by inhibiting platelet aggregation. Structure of Clopidogrel Clopidogrel is a thienopyridine class antiplatelet agent featuring a thiophene ring attached to a pyridine moiety with a chlorophenyl group. Chemical Formula: C₁₅H₁₂ClNO₂S Mode of Action P2Y₁₂ Receptor Inhibition: Irreversibly blocks the P2Y₁₂ ADP receptor on platelet … Read more

Anisindione is an oral anticoagulant that prevents blood clots by inhibiting vitamin K–dependent clotting factor synthesis. Structure of Anisindione It is a synthetic derivative of indione with aromatic substitutions enhancing its anticoagulant properties. Chemical Formula: C₁₅H₁₅NO₄S Mode of Action Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Inhibition: Similar to warfarin, anisindione inhibits the enzyme responsible for regenerating reduced … Read more