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One Compartment Model with Intravenous Infusion explains constant drug input, steady state, and elimination in pharmacokinetics. Definition of One-Compartment Model with Intravenous Infusion: Intravenous (IV) infusion is the continuous administration of a drug into the bloodstream at a controlled rate over a prolonged period. Process: The drug is infused at a constant rate (R) into … Read more
One Compartment Model with Intravenous Bolus Administration describes drug distribution and elimination after a single rapid IV dose. One-Compartment Model with Intravenous Bolus Administration An intravenous (IV) bolus injection refers to a rapid administration of a drug directly into the bloodstream via a single injection. Process: A known dose (D) of the drug is injected … Read more
One Compartment Open Model explains drug absorption, distribution, and elimination using a single compartment in pharmacokinetics. One-Compartment Open Model The one-compartment open model is one of the simplest pharmacokinetic models used to describe drug disposition in the body. It assumes that the body acts as a single, uniform compartment where the drug is evenly distributed … Read more
Introduction to Powder is a dosage form in which a medication is presented as a dry, solid, and finely divided substance. They can be administered internally (e.g., orally, rectally) or externally (e.g., topically). Powders are prepared by grinding or triturating the solid drug particles until they reach the desired degree of fineness. Classification of powders … Read more
Physiological Models (PBPK Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models) predict drug ADME using organ physiology and blood flow data. Physiological Models (PBPK – Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models) Physiological models, or PBPK models, are the most detailed pharmacokinetic models as they incorporate actual physiological and anatomical data. Key Features of PBPK Models: Based on real organ and tissue … Read more
Proof spirit refers to the strength of alcohol in a solution, commonly used in beverages and pharmacy. Definition of Proof spirit Proof spirit contains 28 percent alcohol by weight or 57.1 percent alcohol by volume. In the U.S., the formula for proof is: Proof = 2 × Alcohol by Volume (ABV) So, 50 percent ABV = 100 proof. … Read more
Alligation in Pharmaceutical Calculations is a method used in pharmacy to calculate the proportions of solutions of different strengths needed to achieve a desired concentration. It’s useful in compounding and preparing pharmaceutical mixtures. Alligation Medial This method calculates the average strength of a mixture based on the quantities and concentrations of the individual solutions. Formula: … Read more
Weights and Measures are systems used to express the quantity, size, or weight of substances and objects. There are two main systems of weights and measures: the Imperial system and the Metric system. 1. Imperial system: The Imperial system, also known as the British Imperial system, originated in the United Kingdom and was widely used … Read more
Non-Compartment Models Model-Independent Approach analyze drug pharmacokinetics without assuming compartments using statistical moment theory. Non-Compartment Models (Model-Independent Approach) The non-compartmental model (NCA) is an alternative approach to pharmacokinetics that does not assume any specific compartments. Instead, it relies on statistical and mathematical methods to estimate drug parameters directly from experimental data. Key Features of Non-Compartment … Read more
Compartmental models in pharmacokinetics simplify drug distribution and elimination using one-compartment and multi-compartment approaches. Introduction Compartmental models are pharmacokinetic models that represent the body as interconnected compartments, each grouping tissues or organs with similar drug distribution and elimination properties. Drug movement is modeled using first-order rate constants, helping predict drug concentrations, optimize dosing, and support … Read more
