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Pantoprazole, a powerful gastric proton pump inhibitor, helps treat GERD, erosive esophagitis, and stomach ulcers by reducing acid production. Structure of Pantoprazole It is a benzimidazole derivative characterized by a pyridine ring fused to a benzimidazole structure, containing a sulfoxide group and a pyridine-containing side chain. Chemical Formula: C₁₈H₁₉N₃O₄S Mode of Action Pantoprazole acts as … Read more
Rabeprazole, a potent gastric proton pump inhibitor, reduces stomach acid to treat GERD, peptic ulcers, and acid-related disorders. Structure of Rabeprazole It is a benzimidazole derivative with a pyridine ring fused to a benzimidazole core, containing a sulfone group and an ethoxy methyl group. Chemical Formula: C₁₈H₂₀N₄O₅S Mode of Action Rabeprazole functions as a proton … Read more
Lansoprazole, a gastric proton pump inhibitor, effectively reduces stomach acid to treat GERD, ulcers, and acid reflux symptoms. Structure of Lansoprazole It is a benzimidazole derivative similar to Omeprazole, featuring a pyridine ring fused to a benzimidazole core, a sulfoxide group, and an ethoxy group. Chemical Formula: C₁₆H₁₈F₂N₃O₂S Mode of Action Lansoprazole acts as a … Read more
Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) used to treat acid reflux, ulcers, and GERD by blocking gastric acid production. Structure of Omeprazole It is a benzimidazole derivative characterized by a pyridine ring fused to a benzimidazole structure with a sulfoxide group and a methoxy group. Chemical Formula: C₁₉H₁₉N₃O₃S Mode of Action Omeprazole is a … Read more
Sorensen’s pH Scale is a numerical representation of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It was introduced by Danish chemist Søren Peder Lauritz Sørensen in 1909. Sørensen developed this scale to simplify the expression of hydrogen ion concentrations in solutions, which can vary over a wide range. Definition of pH The term “pH” stands … Read more
Below we have described how Gastric proton pump inhibitor work to reduce stomach acid, treat ulcers, and manage acid reflux effectively. Definition of Gastric proton pump inhibitor: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a class of drugs that rapidly and effectively reduce stomach acid production by irreversibly blocking the H⁺/K⁺-ATPase proton pump located on the parietal cells … Read more
Ranitidine is an H₂-receptor antagonist used to reduce stomach acid in conditions like ulcers, GERD, and acid reflux. Structure of Ranitidine It is a second-generation H₂-receptor antagonist featuring a furan ring connected to a dimethylamine side chain and a nitro group. Chemical Formula: C₁₉H₂₈N₄O₃S Mode of Action Ranitidine selectively blocks H₂ receptors on gastric parietal … Read more
General Introduction to Mentha (Peppermint Oil): Mentha, particularly peppermint, is a major source of volatile oils widely used for its cooling, carminative, and antimicrobial properties. The oil contains menthol as its principal constituent, which is responsible for its characteristic aroma and therapeutic effects. Synonyms of Mentha (Peppermint Oil): Common name: Peppermint Scientific name: Mentha piperita … Read more
Introduction to Volatile Oils: Aromatic compounds from plants, easily evaporate. Introduction to Volatile Oils: Used in therapy, perfumery, and flavoring industries. Definition & Composition: Volatile, aromatic liquids (essential oils) extracted from plants. Primarily composed of terpenoids (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes) and aromatic compounds. Volatile oils Roles in Plants: Attraction: Fragrances attract pollinators and seed dispersers. Defense: Antimicrobial … Read more
General Introduction to Digitalis (Cardiac Glycosides) : Digitalis is a primary source of potent cardiac glycosides (e.g., digoxin and digitoxin), used to treat heart failure and arrhythmias. These compounds are derived from the dried leaves of Digitalis purpurea and Digitalis lanata. Synonyms of Digitalis (Cardiac Glycosides): Common Name: Foxglove Scientific Names: Digitalis purpurea, Digitalis lanata … Read more
