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Dihydroergotamine is a medication derived from ergot alkaloids that is primarily used to treat migraine headaches. It works by constricting dilated blood vessels in the brain and inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory neuropeptides. Chemical Structure & Formula: An ergot alkaloid with a complex polycyclic structure derived from ergot fungus metabolites, including an ergoline skeleton with … Read more

Prazosin is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha-1 adrenergic blockers. It works by relaxing and widening blood vessels, which helps to lower blood pressure. It is primarily used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Chemical Structure & Formula: A quinazoline derivative with a piperazine … Read more

Phenoxybenzamine is a long-acting, non-selective, and irreversible alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist. It is primarily used to manage hypertension and sweating associated with pheochromocytoma, a rare tumor of the adrenal glands that produces excess catecholamines (like adrenaline). Chemical Structure & Formula: Features a phenoxy group attached to an aliphatic chain terminating in an amine, capable of covalent … Read more

Phentolamine is a non-selective alpha-adrenergic antagonist (alpha-blocker) used primarily to manage and treat hypertensive emergencies, particularly those caused by pheochromocytoma. Phentolamine works by blocking alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, leading to vasodilation, reduced blood pressure, and improved blood flow. Chemical Structure & Formula: Contains an imidazoline fragment linked to a substituted aromatic moiety (often an … Read more

Tolazoline is a vasodilator drug primarily used to treat peripheral vascular diseases and sometimes as an antidote for vasoconstrictor overdoses, such as in cases of ergot poisoning or severe hypertension due to vasoconstrictive agents. It works by blocking alpha-adrenergic receptors, leading to relaxation of blood vessels and improved blood flow. Chemical Structure & Formula: Tolazoline … Read more

Beta Adrenergic Blockers inhibit the stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors (β1 and β2), leading to decreased heart rate, cardiac output, and oxygen demand. Beta Adrenergic Blockers are commonly used for hypertension, angina, heart failure, arrhythmias, and anxiety disorders. Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) of Beta Blockers The SAR of beta blockers is important for understanding their pharmacological properties: Aromatic … Read more

Alpha Adrenergic Blockers inhibit the activation of alpha-adrenergic receptors (α1 and α2), leading to vasodilation and decreased blood pressure. These drugs are commonly used for Alpha Adrenergic Blockers conditions such as hypertension, pheochromocytoma, and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Classification: Alpha blockers are classified into non-selective and selective types: Non-Selective (α1 and α2 blockers) These block … Read more

Adrenergic antagonists (also called adrenergic blockers or adrenolytics) are agents that bind to adrenergic (adrenaline/noradrenaline) receptors but do not activate them. By blocking these receptors, they inhibit the sympathetic (adrenergic) nervous system’s actions. Classification of Adrenergic Antagonists They are broadly divided based on the types of adrenergic receptors they block: Alpha-adrenergic blockers (or α-blockers) Beta-adrenergic … Read more

Ephedrine is a naturally occurring alkaloid and stimulant derived from the plant Ephedra. It acts as both a sympathomimetic agent and bronchodilator, stimulating the central nervous system by increasing the activity of norepinephrine. Medically, ephedrine is used to treat conditions such as hypotension, nasal congestion, and bronchospasm in asthma. Chemical Structure & Formula Chemical Formula: … Read more