Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive and anti-neoplastic agent used in autoimmune diseases and organ transplants by inhibiting DNA synthesis.
Structure of Azathioprine
- Azathioprine is a prodrug of 6-mercaptopurine and contains the following structural features:
- Imidazole Ring: Attached to a purine analog.
- Mercaptopurine Moiety: Linked via a thioester bond.
- Chemical Formula: C₉H₁₃N₇O₃S
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Mode of Action
- Azathioprine acts as an immunosuppressant and antimetabolite by:
- Prodrug Conversion: Metabolized into 6-mercaptopurine in the body.
- Inhibition of Purine Synthesis: Blocks DNA and RNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells.
- Suppression of Immune Response: Inhibits proliferation of T and B lymphocytes, reducing immune activity.
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Uses
- Organ Transplantation: To prevent graft rejection.
- Autoimmune Diseases: Such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
- Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: As part of maintenance therapy.
- Psoriasis: In severe cases unresponsive to other treatments.
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