Unit I – Liquid Dosage Forms, Powders & Pharmaceutical Calculations

Pharmaceutical Analysis I – BPharma 1st Semester (AKTU & PCI Syllabus)

At FirstHope, we offer precise, exam-oriented notes aligned with the PCI-approved B Pharma syllabus. Unit I of Pharmaceutical Analysis introduces key concepts like concentration methods, standard solutions, and analytical errors. Therefore, a strong grasp of this unit is vital for semester success and exams like GPAT and NIPER.

Pharmaceutical Calculations, Powders & Liquid Dosage Forms – Summary

• Pharmaceutical Calculations:
  • Use Imperial and Metric systems for accurate drug formulation.
  • Include calculations for percentage solutions (w/v, v/v, w/w), alligation for mixing concentrations, and proof spirit to determine alcohol strength.
  • Isotonic solution calculations rely on freezing point depression and molecular weight to ensure compatibility with body fluids.
• Powders:
  • Finely divided solid dosage forms classified as simple or compound.
  • Advantages: fast onset, dose flexibility, and stability.
  • Disadvantages: unpleasant taste, bulkiness, and inconvenience.
  • Include official forms like dusting powders, effervescent powders, and specialized types such as efflorescent, hygroscopic, and eutectic mixtures.
  • Geometric dilution ensures even distribution of potent ingredients.
• Liquid Dosage Forms:
  • Benefits: easy to administer, rapid absorption, and adjustable dosing.
  • Drawbacks: lower stability, microbial risk, and storage issues.
  • Common excipients: solvents, preservatives, sweeteners, and flavoring agents.
  • Solubility enhancement techniques include co-solvents, surfactants, pH adjustment, and complexation.