Captopril is an ACE inhibitor used to treat hypertension and heart failure by blocking angiotensin-converting enzyme and lowering blood pressure.
Structure of Captopril
- Captopril is the first synthetic ACE inhibitor, featuring a sulfhydryl (-SH) group attached to a proline moiety.
- Chemical Formula: C₉H₁₇NO₃S
Mode of Action
- ACE Inhibition: Blocks the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), preventing the formation of angiotensin II.
- Vasodilation: Reduces vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion, leading to decreased blood pressure.
- Renal Effects: Lowers glomerular filtration pressure, beneficial in diabetic nephropathy.
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Uses
- Hypertension: Lowers systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure.
- Heart Failure: Reduces afterload and preload, improving cardiac output.
- Post-Myocardial Infarction: Prevents remodeling and reduces mortality.
- Diabetic Nephropathy: Slows progression of kidney damage in diabetic patients.
- Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Enhances cardiac function by reducing myocardial workload.
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