Human Anatomy & Physiology II – Pharmacy Notes
Explore our well-organized and easy-to-understand Human Anatomy & Physiology II notes tailored specifically for Pharmacy 2nd semester students. These concise notes cover essential topics needed for AKTU, GTU, NTR and other universities pharmacy exams and are equally helpful for preparing competitive exams like GPAT and NIPER.
Learn from the best BPharma notes that are short, exam-oriented, and curated to help you succeed with less stress and more confidence.
The Anatomy of pancreas is a glandular organ behind the stomach that aids digestion and regulates blood sugar by producing insulin and other hormones. Anatomy of Pancreas: The pancreas is a glandular organ located behind the stomach and near the duodenum. It is elongated and has a head, body, and tail. It is composed of … Read more
The small intestine is a long, coiled tube in the digestive system that connects the stomach to the large intestine. It is responsible for most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food. Anatomy The small intestine is a long, coiled tube, approximately 20 feet in length, divided into three main sections: the duodenum, … Read more
The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from food, forming solid waste (feces) which is then excreted from the body. Anatomy The large intestine, or colon, is about 5 feet in length and is divided into several parts: the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus. 1. Cecum: A pouch-like … Read more
Stomach is a key organ in the digestive system, acting as a reservoir for food, initiating the digestive process through mechanical mixing and chemical breakdown, and regulating the passage of its contents into the small intestine. Understanding the detailed anatomy of the stomach reveals how it is uniquely designed to perform these functions. Location and … Read more
The oral cavity, or mouth, marks the entry point of the digestive system, equipped with specialized structures for the initial processing of food. Here, food encounters teeth and salivary glands, which work in concert to reduce food to a consistency suitable for digestion and absorption further down the GI tract. Teeth: The Tools for Mechanical … Read more
The Anatomy of GI Tract, also known as the digestive tract, is a continuous tube that runs from the mouth to the anus. It is responsible for breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating waste. Here’s a brief overview of the four primary layers of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) The innermost layer responsible for secretion, … Read more
The digestive system is a complex group of organs and glands that processes food, breaks it down into nutrients, and eliminates waste. Here are the realistic diagrams of the human digestive system, designed to showcase the entire pathway and major organs involved in digestion. It plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and wellbeing. … Read more
The spinal cord is a long, tubular structure that extends from the base of the brain (medulla oblongata) down to the lower back, protected by the vertebral column and encased in meninges. It is a crucial part of the central nervous system (CNS) and serves as a conduit for transmitting neural signals between the brain … Read more
Diencephalon is a region of the brain located between the cerebrum and the brainstem. It is composed of several important structures that play critical roles in sensory information processing, hormone regulation, and the maintenance of essential body functions. The primary components of the diencephalon are the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and subthalamus: 1. Thalamus: Structure: The … Read more
The brainstem is a critical part of the brain that connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord. It is responsible for regulating many essential life-sustaining functions, such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure, as well as serving as a relay center for both sensory and motor pathways. The brainstem can be divided … Read more
