Human Anatomy & Physiology II – Pharmacy Notes
Explore our well-organized and easy-to-understand Human Anatomy & Physiology II notes tailored specifically for Pharmacy 2nd semester students. These concise notes cover essential topics needed for AKTU, GTU, NTR and other universities pharmacy exams and are equally helpful for preparing competitive exams like GPAT and NIPER.
Learn from the best BPharma notes that are short, exam-oriented, and curated to help you succeed with less stress and more confidence.
Receptors (Neuroreceptor) are specialized proteins located on the surface of neurons and other cells in the nervous system. They play a crucial role in communication between neurons by detecting and responding to signaling molecules such as neurotransmitters, hormones, and other chemical messengers. Types of Receptors: Ionotropic Receptors (Neuroreceptor): Also known as ligand-gated ion channels. When … Read more
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that play a crucial role in transmitting signals between neurons in the nervous system. Released by the presynaptic neuron at a synapse, they diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. This binding can either excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron, influencing the likelihood of … Read more
Nerve fibers are long extensions of neurons that transmit electrical signals throughout the nervous system. They consist of axons covered by a myelin sheath and are classified into three main types based on diameter, myelination, and conduction velocity: A, B, and C fibers. Types of Nerve Fibers: A Fibers: Myelinated with a large diameter (1-22 … Read more
A nerve impulse, also known as an action potential, is an electrical signal that travels along the nerve cells or neurons in the nervous system. It is the fundamental mechanism through which neurons communicate with each other and transmit information. Nerve impulses are crucial for processing sensory input, generating motor output, and enabling higher cognitive … Read more
The nervous system introduction is a complex network of nerves, neurons, and supporting cells that coordinate and transmit information throughout the body. It is responsible for sensing and responding to various internal and external stimuli, enabling organisms to interact with their environment and maintain homeostasis. The nervous system can be divided into two main parts: … Read more
Classification of Neuron can be based on their structure, function, or the type of neurotransmitters they release. Here’s a brief overview of the Classification of Neuron: 1. Structural classification of Neuron: a. Unipolar neurons: These neurons have a single process extending from the cell body, which later branches into an axon and a dendrite. Unipolar … Read more
Organization of Nervous System is divided into two main divisions: the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). Each of these divisions has its own subdivisions and components, which work together to coordinate and control various functions in the body. 1. Central Nervous System (CNS): a. Brain: The brain is the control … Read more
A neuron, or nerve cell, is the fundamental unit of the nervous system responsible for processing and transmitting information through electrical and chemical signals. Neurons are the building blocks of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves throughout the body. While there are various types of neurons with specialized functions, they all share a common structure: … Read more
Let’s Discuss Introduction of Nervous System in easy points: The nervous system is a complex network of neurons that transmit signals throughout the body, coordinating and controlling a wide range of functions, from voluntary movements to involuntary processes like homeostasis and internal organ regulation. Main Divisions: 1. Central Nervous System (CNS): Composed of the brain and … Read more
