Industrial Pharmacy I

Compression and processing problems is the final step in tablet manufacturing, where granules are pressed into solid tablets using a tablet press. Compression and Processing Problems• Definition: Issues encountered during tablet manufacturing affecting quality, uniformity, or efficiency.• Causes: Poor formulation, improper equipment settings, or environmental conditions.• Impact: Defects like capping, lamination, or sticking Several challenges … Read more

Ensuring the quality and consistency of tablets and their coatings is critical. Quality control involves both in-process and finished product tests. In-Process Tests These tests are conducted during manufacturing to monitor and control the process parameters. Powder Flowability Purpose: Ensure that the powder blends flow smoothly through the manufacturing equipment. Methods: Angle of Repose: Measures … Read more

Defects in Coating refer to imperfections like peeling, cracking, or capping that affect tablet appearance or functionality. These result from formulation errors, equipment issues, or process deviations. It compromises product quality, stability, and patient acceptability. Several problems can occur during the process, affecting the tablet’s appearance, performance, and patient acceptability. Common Coating Defects: Capping: Partial … Read more

Equipment for Tablet Coating is specialized machinery used to apply a protective or functional layer over tablets. It ensures uniform coating, improves appearance, and controls drug release. Equipment for Tablet Coating – Common types include coating pans, fluidized bed coaters, and automated spray systems, each designed to provide consistent and efficient coating under controlled conditions. … Read more

Methods of Coating are essential in pharmaceutical and industrial processes for enhancing product quality and functionality. Methods of coating refer to various techniques used to apply a thin layer of material onto the surface of solids like tablets or granules to protect, mask taste, control release, or enhance appearance and stability in pharmaceutical and industrial … Read more

Formulation of Coating Composition starts with selecting polymers like HPMC or EC that form a stable, protective film. Formulation of Coating Composition uses water or organic solvents to dissolve coating materials.  It includes plasticizers, opacifiers, and colorants to enhance flexibility, appearance, and functionality. The coating formulation includes: Polymer: Provides the structural matrix. Plasticizer: Adds flexibility … Read more

Film Coating Materials: Include polymers like HPMC, plasticizers, and colorants. Enteric Coating Materials: Contain cellulose acetate phthalate or methacrylic acid polymers for delayed release. It contains pigments and opacifiers to improve tablet appearance and protect light-sensitive drugs. Film-Forming Polymers Cellulose derivatives: Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate. Methacrylic polymers: Eudragit series. Enteric polymers: Cellulose acetate … Read more

Types of Tablet Coating enhance appearance, mask taste, and control drug release profiles. Types of Tablet Coating include sugar coating, film coating, and enteric coating for functional protection. Tablet coating is performed for various reasons: masking taste or odor, improving appearance, protecting the drug from the environment, or modifying drug release. Sugar Coating Traditional method … Read more

Equipment and Tablet Tooling play a vital role in tablet manufacturing by ensuring precision, uniformity, and efficiency. They help shape, compress, and polish tablets, minimizing defects and enhancing productivity. Tablet Press (Compression Machine): Single-Punch Press: For small-scale or R&D. Rotary Press: For large-scale production with multiple stations. Main Components Equipment and Tablet Tooling: Hopper, feed … Read more

Granulation Methods are the processes of particle size enlargement by forming agglomerates (granules) to improve flowability, compressibility, and uniformity of powders before tablet compression. It is classified into wet granulation, dry granulation, and direct compression. 1. Wet Granulation Methods: Definition: Involves the use of a liquid binder to form granules by agglomerating the powder particles. … Read more