Reserpine is an antihypertensive and antipsychotic agent that lowers blood pressure by depleting norepinephrine from nerve endings. Structure of Reserpine Reserpine is an indole alkaloid derived from the Rauwolfia serpentina plant, featuring a complex structure with an indole ring and multiple alkyl side chains. Chemical Formula: C₂₂H₂₄N₂O Mode of Action Sympathetic Inhibition: Depletes catecholamines (norepinephrine, … Read more
Guanabenz Acetate is a centrally acting antihypertensive that lowers blood pressure by reducing sympathetic nerve activity. Structure of Guanabenz Acetate It is a guanidine derivative with an aromatic ring substituted with an ethylene bridge connecting to a guanidine moiety. Chemical Formula: C₁₀H₁₉N₃O₂S Mode of Action Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonism: Activates central alpha-2 receptors, reducing sympathetic outflow. … Read more
Guanethidine Monosulphate is an adrenergic neuron blocker used in hypertension by inhibiting norepinephrine release and lowering blood pressure. Structure of Guanethidine Monosulphate It is a guanidine derivative featuring a guanidine moiety linked to an aromatic ring via an ethylene bridge. Chemical Formula: C₁₄H₁₉N₃O₆S Mode of Action Sympathetic Inhibition: Blocks norepinephrine release from postganglionic sympathetic neurons … Read more
Clonidine Hydrochloride is a centrally acting antihypertensive that lowers blood pressure by decreasing sympathetic outflow from the brain. Structure of Clonidine Hydrochloride It is an imidazoline derivative with a chlorinated aromatic ring and an imidazoline core. Chemical Formula: C₉H₉ClN₂ · HCl Mode of Action Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonism: Activates central alpha-2 receptors in the brainstem. Sympathetic … Read more
Methyldopate Hydrochloride is a centrally acting antihypertensive used to lower blood pressure by reducing sympathetic nerve signals. Structure of Methyldopate Hydrochloride It is an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist with a phenethylamine backbone substituted with a hydroxyl group and a chlorine atom. Chemical Formula: C₁₁H₁₆ClN₂O·HCl Mode of Action Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonism: Activates presynaptic alpha-2 receptors in … Read more
Quinapril Hydrochloride is an ACE inhibitor used to manage hypertension and heart failure by lowering blood pressure through vasodilation. Structure of Quinapril Hydrochloride It is a prodrug ACE inhibitor with a quinoline ring fused to a pyrrolidine moiety. Chemical Formula: C₂₈H₃₈N₃O₆S·HCl Mode of Action Prodrug Activation: Converted to quinaprilat, the active metabolite. ACE Inhibition: Blocks … Read more
Benazepril Hydrochloride is an ACE inhibitor used to treat hypertension by relaxing blood vessels and lowering blood pressure. Structure of Benazepril Hydrochloride It is a prodrug ACE inhibitor with a benzimidazole core and a carbamate moiety. Chemical Formula: C₂₀H₃₄N₅O₆S·HCl Mode of Action Prodrug Activation: Metabolized to benazeprilat, the active form. ACE Inhibition: Prevents conversion of … Read more
Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor used to treat hypertension and heart failure by relaxing blood vessels and lowering blood pressure. Structure of Lisinopril It is a long-acting, non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative ACE inhibitor with a lysine moiety. Chemical Formula: C₁₉H₃₂N₂O₅ Mode of Action ACE Inhibition: Similar to other ACE inhibitors, lisinopril blocks the conversion of … Read more
Amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic used in hypertension and edema by inhibiting sodium reabsorption and conserving potassium in the kidneys. Structure of Amiloride Amiloride is a non-steroidal potassium-sparing diuretic with a benzothiadiazine core fused to a pyridine ring, containing amine groups. Chemical Formula: C₄H₇N₄O₃S₂ Mode of Action ENaC Inhibition: Blocks epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) in … Read more
Captopril is an ACE inhibitor used to treat hypertension and heart failure by blocking angiotensin-converting enzyme and lowering blood pressure. Structure of Captopril Captopril is the first synthetic ACE inhibitor, featuring a sulfhydryl (-SH) group attached to a proline moiety. Chemical Formula: C₉H₁₇NO₃S Mode of Action ACE Inhibition: Blocks the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), preventing the … Read more
