Bumetanide

Bumetanide

Bumetanide is a potent loop diuretic used to treat edema in heart failure and renal disorders by promoting fluid and electrolyte excretion. Structure of Bumetanide Bumetanide is a loop diuretic similar to furosemide but with a more potent diuretic effect due to structural modifications. Chemical Formula: C₁₄H₂₄BrN₃O₅S Mode of Action Loop of Henle Inhibition: Blocks … Read more

Furosemide

Furosemide

Furosemide is a loop diuretic used to treat edema and hypertension by promoting rapid excretion of sodium, chloride, and water from the kidneys. Structure of Furosemide Furosemide is a sulfonamide derivative belonging to the loop diuretic class, characterized by a benzothiazine structure with a furan ring and a sulfonamide group. Chemical Formula: C₁₅H₁₉ClN₂O₅S₂ Mode of … Read more

Cyclothiazide

Cyclothiazide

Cyclothiazide is a thiazide diuretic used to manage hypertension and fluid retention by increasing renal excretion of sodium and water. Structure of Cyclothiazide Cyclothiazide is a thiazide diuretic with a cyclohexane ring substitution, differing structurally from other thiazides. Chemical Formula: C₁₂H₁₅ClN₃O₄S₂ Mode of Action Thiazide Receptor Blocking: Inhibits the sodium-chloride symporter in the distal convoluted … Read more

Hydroflumethiazide

Hydroflumethiazide

Hydroflumethiazide is a thiazide diuretic used to treat high blood pressure and edema by promoting renal excretion of sodium and water. Structure of Hydroflumethiazide Hydroflumethiazide is a thiazide diuretic with a fluorine atom substitution, enhancing its potency and duration of action. Chemical Formula: C₈H₈ClF₅N₃O₄S₂ Mode of Action Thiazide Receptor Blocking: Inhibits the sodium-chloride symporter in … Read more

Hydrochlorothiazide

Hydrochlorothiazide

Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic used to manage hypertension and edema by increasing sodium and water excretion. Structure of Hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic similar to chlorthiazide but with a hydrochloride salt form to enhance solubility. Chemical Formula: C₇H₇ClN₃O₄S₂·HCl Mode of Action Thiazide Receptor Blocking: Inhibits the sodium-chloride symporter in the distal convoluted tubule. … Read more

Chlorthiazide

Chlorthiazide

Chlorthiazide is a thiazide diuretic used to treat hypertension and edema by promoting sodium and water excretion through the kidneys. Structure of Chlorthiazide Chlorthiazide is a sulfonamide derivative belonging to the thiazide diuretic class, characterized by a benzothiadiazine structure with chlorine substituents. Chemical Formula: C₇H₇ClN₃O₄S₂ Mode of Action Thiazide Receptor Blocking: Inhibits the sodium-chloride symporter … Read more

Dichlorphenamide

Dichlorphenamide

Dichlorphenamide is a diuretic used to treat glaucoma and periodic paralysis by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase and reducing fluid buildup. Structure of Dichlorphenamide Dichlorphenamide is a sulfonamide derivative with two chlorine atoms attached to the benzene ring and a central sulfonamide group. Chemical Formula: C₆H₇Cl₂N₃O₃S₂ Mode of Action Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition: Blocks carbonic anhydrase activity, reducing … Read more

Methazolamide

Methazolamide

Methazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to reduce intraocular pressure in glaucoma by decreasing aqueous humor production. Structure of Methazolamide It is a thiazide-like carbonic anhydrase inhibitor with a central sulfonamide group attached to a benzene ring and a thiazole moiety. Chemical Formula: C₅H₇N₃O₃S₂ Mode of Action Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition: Similar to acetazolamide, methazolamide … Read more

Diuretics: Overview and Classification

Diuretics: Overview and Classification

Diuretics are a class of medications that promote the excretion of water and electrolytes (such as sodium and potassium) through the kidneys. They are primarily used to manage conditions like hypertension (high blood pressure), heart failure, kidney disorders, and certain cases of edema (fluid retention). By increasing urine output, diuretics help reduce blood volume, thereby … Read more

Nimodipine

Nimodipine

Nimodipine is a calcium channel blocker used to prevent brain damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage by improving cerebral blood flow. Structure of Nimodipine Nimodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker with a substituted phenyl ring and a methoxyethyl side chain attached to the dihydropyridine core. Chemical Formula: C₂₄H₃₀N₂O₆ Mode of Action Calcium Channel Blocking: Selectively inhibits … Read more