Daunorubicin is an anti-neoplastic antibiotic used in leukemia treatment by intercalating DNA and inhibiting topoisomerase II activity. Structure of Daunorubicin It is an anthracycline antibiotic characterized by a tetracyclic ring structure with a daunosamine sugar moiety. Chemical Formula: C₂₄H₂₈N₂O₁₃ Mode of Action DNA Intercalation: Inserts between DNA base pairs, disrupting DNA replication and transcription. Topoisomerase … Read more
Dactinomycin is an anti-neoplastic antibiotic used to treat cancers like Wilms’ tumor and sarcomas by inhibiting DNA-dependent RNA synthesis. Structure of Dactinomycin It is also known as Actinomycin D, is a polypeptide antibiotic with a chromophore linked to two cyclic peptide components. Chemical Formula: C₂₄H₁₉N₃O₇ Mode of Action DNA Intercalation: Dactinomycin inserts itself between DNA … Read more
Mitotane is an anti-neoplastic agent used to treat adrenal cortex cancer by suppressing adrenal function and destroying adrenal cells. Structure of Mitotane Mitotane is an adrenolytic agent structurally related to the insecticide DDT, featuring a dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) core with modifications. Chemical Formula: C₁₈H₁₂Cl₄O Mode of Action Adrenolytic Effects: Specifically targets and destroys adrenal cortical cells. … Read more
Thioguanine is an anti-neoplastic antimetabolite used in acute leukemia treatment by inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis in cancer cells. Structure of Thioguanine It is also known as 6-thioguanine (6-TG), is a purine analog with the following structural features: Purine Base: Similar to guanine. Thio Group: Contains a sulfur atom replacing the oxygen at position 6. … Read more
Mercaptopurine is an anti-neoplastic antimetabolite used to treat leukemia by interfering with DNA and RNA synthesis in cancer cells. Structure of Mercaptopurine It is also known as 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), is a purine analog with the following structural features: Purine Base: Similar to hypoxanthine. Thio Group: Contains a sulfur atom replacing the oxygen at position 6. … Read more
Methotrexate is an anti-neoplastic antimetabolite used to treat leukemia, lymphoma, and breast cancer by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Structure of Methotrexate It is a folate analog with the following structural features: Pteridine Ring: Core structure similar to folic acid. Glutamate Residues: Multiple glutamate moieties attached to the pteridine ring. Chemical Formula: C₂⁰H₂⁷N₇O₇ Mode of Action Methotrexate … Read more
Cytarabine is an anti-neoplastic antimetabolite used in leukemia treatment by inhibiting DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cancer cells. Structure of Cytarabine It is also known as Ara-C, is a pyrimidine analog with the following structural features: Cytosine Base: Similar to the natural nucleobase cytosine. Ribose Sugar: Modified with an arabinose moiety. Chemical Formula: C₄H₇N₃O₅ Mode … Read more
Floxuridine is an anti-neoplastic antimetabolite used mainly in colorectal cancer by inhibiting DNA synthesis in tumor cells. Structure of Floxuridine FUDR is a fluorinated pyrimidine analog with the following structural features: Uracil Base: Similar to uracil. Fluorine Atom: Substituted at the 5-position. Ribose Sugar: Attached to the uracil base, forming a nucleoside. Chemical Formula: C₆H₆FN₂O₆ … Read more
Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive and anti-neoplastic agent used in autoimmune diseases and organ transplants by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Structure of Azathioprine Azathioprine is a prodrug of 6-mercaptopurine and contains the following structural features: Imidazole Ring: Attached to a purine analog. Mercaptopurine Moiety: Linked via a thioester bond. Chemical Formula: C₉H₁₃N₇O₃S Mode of Action Azathioprine acts … Read more
Fluorouracil is an anti-neoplastic antimetabolite used to treat cancers like colorectal and breast by blocking DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells. Structure of Fluorouracil It is a pyrimidine analog with the following structural features: Uracil Base: Similar to the natural nucleobase uracil. Fluorine Atom: Substituted at the 5-position. Chemical Formula: C₄H₃FN₂O₂ Mode of Action Fluorouracil … Read more
