Thiotepa is an anti-neoplastic alkylating agent used to treat breast, ovarian, and bladder cancers by disrupting cancer cell DNA replication. Structure of Thiotepa Thiotepa is a trivalent phosphoramide alkylating agent containing three chloroethyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom. Chemical Formula: C₆H₁₃Cl₃N₄O₂P Mode of Action DNA Alkylation: Forms crosslinks within and between DNA strands, inhibiting … Read more
Busulfan is an anti-neoplastic alkylating agent used mainly in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) by suppressing bone marrow and inhibiting cancer cell growth. Structure of Busulfan Busulfan is a bifunctional alkylating agent with two chloroethyl groups attached to a sulfur atom. Chemical Formula: C₄H₈Cl₂NS Mode of Action DNA Alkylation: Forms interstrand and intrastrand crosslinks with DNA, … Read more
Chlorambucil is an anti-neoplastic alkylating agent used to treat leukemia and lymphomas by interfering with cancer cell DNA replication. Structure of Chlorambucil Chlorambucil is an oral nitrogen mustard alkylating agent with a chlorinated alkyl chain. Chemical Formula: C₁₄H₁₄Cl₂N₂O₂ Mode of Action DNA Crosslinking: Forms covalent bonds with DNA, leading to crosslinks that inhibit DNA replication. … Read more
Melphalan, an anti-neoplastic alkylating agent, is used to treat multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer by damaging cancer cell DNA and inhibiting growth. Structure of Melphalan Melphalan is an alkylating agent belonging to the nitrogen mustard family, featuring a phenylalanine moiety. Chemical Formula: C₁₁H₁₄Cl₂N₂O₂ Mode of Action DNA Alkylation: Forms crosslinks with DNA, disrupting DNA synthesis … Read more
Cyclophosphamide is a widely used alkylating anti-cancer drug that targets DNA to treat lymphomas, leukemias, and solid tumors. Structure of Cyclophosphamide Cyclophosphamide is a prodrug alkylating agent with a nitrogen mustard structure attached to a phosphoramide moiety. Chemical Formula: C₈H₁₅Cl₂N₂O₂P Mode of Action Prodrug Activation: Metabolized in the liver to form active metabolites (phosphoramide mustard … Read more
Meclorethamine is an alkylating anti-cancer drug that inhibits DNA replication, used in treating Hodgkin’s lymphoma and other cancers. Structure of Meclorethamine Meclorethamine, also known as nitrogen mustard, is one of the first alkylating agents used in chemotherapy. Its structure comprises: A mustard moiety with two chloroethyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom. Chemical Formula: C₄H₉Cl₂N … Read more
Anti-neoplastic agents are drugs used to inhibit or stop the growth of cancer cells, aiding in the treatment of various malignancies. Definition: These are specialized drugs used primarily to treat cancer. They work by destroying or inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. However, these agents can also affect healthy cells, leading to various side effects. … Read more
Classification of anti-neoplastic agents based on mechanism and origin, targeting cancer cells and aiding effective cancer therapy. Classification of Anti-Neoplastic Agents Anti-neoplastic agents are classified based on their mechanism of action and origin. The primary categories include: Alkylating Agents Mechanism: Add alkyl groups to DNA, causing cross-linking and preventing DNA replication and transcription. Examples: Mechlorethamine … Read more
Cancer is a group of diseases marked by uncontrolled cell growth, potentially spreading to other parts of the body and affecting vital organ function. Definition: It refers to the uncontrolled growth and division of body cells, leading to the formation of abnormal tissues known as neoplasms or tumors. Neoplasm: A mass of tissue that develops … Read more
Pantoprazole, a powerful gastric proton pump inhibitor, helps treat GERD, erosive esophagitis, and stomach ulcers by reducing acid production. Structure of Pantoprazole It is a benzimidazole derivative characterized by a pyridine ring fused to a benzimidazole structure, containing a sulfoxide group and a pyridine-containing side chain. Chemical Formula: C₁₈H₁₉N₃O₄S Mode of Action Pantoprazole acts as … Read more
