Loratadine is a second-generation, non-sedating H₁-antihistamine commonly used to manage allergic rhinitis, urticaria, and seasonal allergic reactions. It features a tricyclic structure that enhances peripheral selectivity and reduces central nervous system penetration, resulting in minimal sedation. It works by selectively blocking peripheral H₁ receptors, providing long-lasting relief from histamine-induced symptoms such as sneezing, itching, and … Read more
Cetirizine is a second-generation H₁-antihistamine derived from hydroxyzine, widely used for managing allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and seasonal allergies. Its structure includes a piperazine ring substituted with a carboxylic acid group and an aromatic ring, contributing to its peripheral selectivity. By blocking H₁ receptors without significant CNS penetration, it effectively relieves histamine-mediated symptoms with minimal … Read more
Astemizole is a second-generation H₁-antihistamine known for its non-sedating action due to limited blood-brain barrier penetration. Structurally, it features a benzoxazole ring fused to a piperazine moiety, contributing to its high receptor selectivity. It effectively treats allergic rhinitis, urticaria, and chronic idiopathic urticaria by blocking H₁ receptors and exhibiting mild anti-inflammatory properties without significant central … Read more
Azatidine Maleate is a first-generation H₁-antihistamine effective in treating allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, and cold symptoms. Its structure includes a tricyclic ring system fused to a pyridine ring, and it forms a salt with maleic acid to enhance solubility. Structure of Azatidine Maleate Azatidine is a first-generation antihistamine with a tricyclic structure fused … Read more
Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride is a first-generation antihistamine known for its broad pharmacological actions, including antiserotonergic, anticholinergic, and appetite-stimulating effects. Structurally, it consists of a tricyclic dibenzocycloheptene core linked to a piperidine ring, with the hydrochloride salt improving solubility. Structure of Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride Cyproheptadine features a tricyclic structure with a dibenzocycloheptene core connected to a piperidine ring. … Read more
Trimeprazine Tartrate is a first-generation H₁-antihistamine effective in treating allergic reactions, urticaria, and cold-related symptoms. Structurally, it is a dibenzocycloheptene derivative featuring a piperazine ring substituted with methyl groups. The tartrate salt enhances its solubility. Structure of Trimeprazine Tartrate Trimeprazine is a dibenzocycloheptene derivative with a piperazine ring substituted with methyl groups. It forms a … Read more
Promethazine Hydrochloride is a tricyclic H₁-antihistamine with sedative, antiemetic, and anticholinergic properties used in allergy and nausea treatment. Structure of Promethazine Hydrochloride Promethazine possesses a tricyclic structure with two benzene rings fused to a central carbon and connected to a dimethylaminoethyl side chain. The hydrochloride salt enhances solubility. Chemical Formula: C₁₇H₂₈N₂S·HCl Mode of Action Acts … Read more
Phenidamine Tartrate is a piperazine-derived H₁-antihistamine used for the symptomatic treatment of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, and cold-related discomforts. Its structure includes a diphenylmethyl group attached to a piperazine ring via an ethyl chain, and the tartrate salt enhances solubility. Structure of Phenidamine Tartrate Phenidamine is a piperazine derivative with a diphenylmethyl substitution … Read more
Structure of Triprolidine Hydrochloride Triprolidine features a piperidine ring substituted with a dimethylamino group and a propyl chain linked to a benzene ring. The hydrochloride salt enhances solubility. Chemical Formula: C₁₄H₂₀ClN₃·HCl Mode of Action Acts as an H₁-receptor antagonist with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It inhibits histamine-mediated allergic responses. Uses of Triprolidine Hydrochloride Allergic rhinitis … Read more
Chlorpheniramine Maleate is a widely used first-generation antihistamine effective in treating various allergic conditions, including rhinitis, urticaria, and cold-related symptoms. Structurally, it features a dibenzyl framework linked to an ethylamine chain and forms a salt with maleic acid to enhance solubility. It works by blocking both peripheral and central H₁ receptors, producing antihistaminic, anticholinergic, and … Read more
