Medicinal Chemistry I is a core subject that explores the design, synthesis, and biological activity of drugs. It bridges organic chemistry and pharmacology to enhance understanding of therapeutic agents.
Carvedilol is a non-selective beta-blocker with alpha-1 blocking activity, used primarily to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), heart failure, and left ventricular dysfunction after a heart attack. By blocking beta-adrenergic receptors, it reduces heart rate and contractility, while its alpha-1 blocking effects help relax blood vessels, lowering blood pressure and improving blood flow. Chemical Structure … Read more
Betazolol is a selective beta-1 adrenergic receptor blocker (beta-blocker) used primarily to manage hypertension (high blood pressure) and to treat glaucoma or ocular hypertension when administered as eye drops. Chemical Structure & Formula: Designed for ocular use, it retains the characteristic aryloxypropanolamine structure optimized for topical delivery. Mechanism of Action: Blocks beta receptors in ocular … Read more
Atenolol is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called beta-blockers. It is primarily used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), angina (chest pain), and to improve survival after a heart attack. Atenolol works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in the body, such as adrenaline, on the heart and blood … Read more
Metipranolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker (beta-blocker) used primarily in ophthalmology to reduce intraocular pressure in patients with conditions such as open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Chemical Structure & Formula: Similar to other beta blockers, featuring an aromatic ring linked to a propanolamine moiety. Approximate Formula: C₁₅H₂₂N₂O Mechanism of Action: Acts as a nonselective … Read more
Propranolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker (beta-blocker) used primarily to treat cardiovascular conditions such as high blood pressure (hypertension), irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias), and angina (chest pain). It is also used to prevent migraines, reduce symptoms of anxiety (especially physical symptoms like rapid heartbeat), and manage certain types of tremors. Chemical Structure & Formula: Consists … Read more
Methysergide is a synthetic ergot alkaloid derivative that acts primarily as a serotonin receptor antagonist. It has been used in the prevention of migraine headaches and cluster headaches, although its use has declined due to concerns about long-term side effects, particularly retroperitoneal fibrosis. Chemical Structure & Formula: A lysergamide derivative closely related to lysergic acid, … Read more
Dihydroergotamine is a medication derived from ergot alkaloids that is primarily used to treat migraine headaches. It works by constricting dilated blood vessels in the brain and inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory neuropeptides. Chemical Structure & Formula: An ergot alkaloid with a complex polycyclic structure derived from ergot fungus metabolites, including an ergoline skeleton with … Read more
Prazosin is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha-1 adrenergic blockers. It works by relaxing and widening blood vessels, which helps to lower blood pressure. It is primarily used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Chemical Structure & Formula: A quinazoline derivative with a piperazine … Read more
Phenoxybenzamine is a long-acting, non-selective, and irreversible alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist. It is primarily used to manage hypertension and sweating associated with pheochromocytoma, a rare tumor of the adrenal glands that produces excess catecholamines (like adrenaline). Chemical Structure & Formula: Features a phenoxy group attached to an aliphatic chain terminating in an amine, capable of covalent … Read more
Phentolamine is a non-selective alpha-adrenergic antagonist (alpha-blocker) used primarily to manage and treat hypertensive emergencies, particularly those caused by pheochromocytoma. Phentolamine works by blocking alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, leading to vasodilation, reduced blood pressure, and improved blood flow. Chemical Structure & Formula: Contains an imidazoline fragment linked to a substituted aromatic moiety (often an … Read more
