Medicinal Chemistry I

Medicinal Chemistry I is a core subject that explores the design, synthesis, and biological activity of drugs. It bridges organic chemistry and pharmacology to enhance understanding of therapeutic agents.

Key Highlights:

  • Studies drug classification, including antibiotics, sulfonamides, and chemotherapeutic agents.
  • Focuses on Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) to relate chemical structure with drug action.
  • Explains mechanisms of action for various therapeutic compounds.
  • Covers drug synthesis and metabolic pathways.
  • Emphasizes physicochemical properties influencing drug absorption and efficacy.
  • Introduces principles of drug design and development.
  • Enhances skills needed for pharmaceutical research and formulation.
  • Builds a foundation for rational drug use and clinical application

Hydrogen Bonding

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Hydrogen Bonding

Hydrogen Bonding Definition: Hydrogen bonding occurs when hydrogen (H) atoms interact with electronegative atoms (O, N, F). This contributes to a drug’s solubility and receptor binding. Importance in Drug Action: Water Solubility: More hydrogen bonds = better water solubility. Receptor Binding: Hydrogen bonds enhance drug-receptor interactions (enzyme active sites, DNA intercalation). Stability: Hydrogen bonds stabilize … Read more

Partition Coefficient

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Partition Coefficient

Partition Coefficient Definition: The partition coefficient (P) is the ratio of a drug’s solubility in lipid (oil) vs. water. It is often expressed as log P, which quantifies lipophilicity. $P = \frac{\text{Concentration in lipid phase}}{\text{Concentration in aqueous phase}}$ High log P (>3): Lipophilic (fat-soluble) Low log P (<1): Hydrophilic (water-soluble) Optimal log P (~1-3): Good … Read more

Solubility

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Solubility

Solubility Definition: Solubility is the ability of a drug to dissolve in a given solvent (e.g., water, lipids, organic solvents). Drugs must dissolve in biological fluids before they can be absorbed and exert their effect. Importance in Drug Action: Oral Bioavailability: Poorly soluble drugs have lower absorption and bioavailability. Drug Formulation: It determines the formulation … Read more

Ionization

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Ionization

Ionization Definition: Ionization refers to the process by which a molecule gains or loses protons, leading to the formation of charged species (ions). The extent of ionization depends on the pKa of the compound and the pH of the surrounding environment. Importance in Biological Action: Drug Absorption: Non-ionized (neutral) drugs cross biological membranes (lipid bilayers) … Read more

Medicinal Chemistry History and Development

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Medicinal Chemistry History and Development

Medicinal Chemistry History and Development has evolved over centuries, shaped by key discoveries, advancing methodologies, and a deeper understanding of biology and chemistry. Early Medicinal Chemistry History Ancient Times – Early medicinal practices in Egypt, China, and India relied on natural products and herbs for healing. Alchemy to Chemistry – Medieval alchemy laid the foundation … Read more