Medicinal Chemistry I is a core subject that explores the design, synthesis, and biological activity of drugs. It bridges organic chemistry and pharmacology to enhance understanding of therapeutic agents.
Salbutamol (also known as Albuterol) is a short-acting β₂-adrenergic receptor agonist (SABA) used primarily as a bronchodilator to relieve symptoms of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It works by relaxing the smooth muscles in the airways, leading to bronchial dilation and easier breathing. Chemical Structure & Formula Chemical Formula: C₁₃H₂₁NO₃ Structure: Mechanism of Action … Read more
Terbutaline is a medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as beta-2 adrenergic agonists. It is primarily used as a bronchodilator to treat or prevent bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Chemical Structure & Formula Chemical Formula: C₁₂H₁₉NO₃ Structure: Mechanism of Action (Detailed) Terbutaline is … Read more
Isoproterenol (also known as Isoprenaline) is a synthetic non-selective beta-adrenergic agonist used primarily as a bronchodilator and cardiac stimulant. It mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system by stimulating β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors, leading to increased heart rate (positive chronotropic effect). Chemical Structure & Formula Chemical Formula: C₁₁H₁₇NO₃ Structure: Mechanism of Action (Detailed) … Read more
Dobutamine is a synthetic catecholamine, and a beta-1 adrenergic receptor agonist used primarily as a cardiac stimulant. It increases heart rate and the force of heart contractions, thereby improving cardiac output. Clinically, dobutamine is commonly used in the treatment of acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and during cardiac stress testing when a patient cannot exercise. … Read more
Clonidine is a medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It belongs to a class of drugs known as centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonists. Clonidine works by stimulating alpha-2 receptors in the brain, which reduces sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system. Chemical Structure & Formula Chemical Formula: C₉H₉Cl₂N₃ Structure: Mechanism of Action … Read more
Methyldopa is an antihypertensive medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), especially during pregnancy. It is a centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that works by stimulating receptors in the brain to reduce sympathetic nerve signals, leading to a decrease in blood vessel constriction and heart rate, thereby lowering blood pressure. Chemical Structure & … Read more
Dopamine is a chemical messenger, or neurotransmitter, produced in the brain that plays a key role in regulating mood, motivation, reward, attention, and movement. It helps transmit signals between nerve cells and is involved in both physical and emotional responses. Chemical Structure & Formula Chemical Formula: C₈H₁₁NO₂ Structure: Mechanism of Action (Detailed) Dopamine acts on … Read more
Phenylephrine is a selective α<sub>1</sub>-adrenergic receptor agonist commonly used as a decongestant, vasopressor, and mydriatic agent. It works by stimulating α<sub>1</sub>-receptors, leading to vasoconstriction, which reduces nasal congestion and increases blood pressure. Chemical Structure & Formula Chemical Formula: C₉H₁₃NO₂ Structure: Mechanism of Action (Detailed) Selective α1 agonist → Causes vasoconstriction. Increases blood pressure without affecting … Read more
Structure-Activity Relationship mimic catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine) by stimulating adrenergic receptors (α and β). Their activity depends on structural modifications affecting receptor selectivity, metabolism, and CNS penetration. Key Structure-Activity Relationship Features Catechol Ring Substitutions 3,4-Dihydroxy (Catechol): High α/β activity, rapid metabolism (e.g., Epinephrine, Norepinephrine). Single Hydroxyl (-OH) Group: Reduces metabolism, increases α1 selectivity (e.g., Phenylephrine). No … Read more
Sympathomimetic Agents the actions of endogenous catecholamines. They are broadly classified into three groups based on their mechanism of action: Classification of Sympathomimetic Agents Sympathomimetic agents are drugs that mimic the actions of the sympathetic (adrenergic) nervous system. They are classified based on their mechanism of action in activating adrenergic receptors. 1. Direct-Acting Sympathomimetics Mechanism: These … Read more
