B Pharmacy

B Pharmacy is a 4-year undergraduate program in India that provides comprehensive knowledge of drugs, healthcare, and pharmaceutical sciences. It prepares students for careers in the pharmaceutical industry, clinical research, and healthcare services.

Key Core Subjects:

  • Human Anatomy & Physiology – Study of body structure and function
  • Pharmaceutical Chemistry – Includes organic, inorganic, and medicinal chemistry
  • Pharmacology – Effects and mechanisms of drug action
  • Pharmaceutics – Drug formulation, delivery, and manufacturing
  • Pharmacognosy – Drugs from natural sources
  • Biochemistry – Chemical processes in the body
  • Microbiology – Study of microbes in health and disease
  • Pharmaceutical Analysis – Quality control and drug testing
  • Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy – Pharmacy practice in healthcare
  • Industrial Pharmacy – Large-scale drug production
  • Pharmacokinetics & Biopharmaceutics – Drug absorption and metabolism
  • Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence – Laws and ethics in pharmacy

This course builds a strong foundation for B Pharmacy Students all over the world.

Hormones Regulating Plasma Calcium Levels – PTH, Calcitonin, Vitamin D

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Hormones Regulating Plasma Calcium Levels

Hormones Regulating Plasma Calcium Levels – PTH, Calcitonin, Vitamin D maintain calcium homeostasis. Hormones Regulating Plasma Calcium Levels regulate calcium absorption, reabsorption, and bone resorption. Calcium homeostasis is maintained by the interplay of PTH, calcitonin, and vitamin D, each of which can be targeted pharmacologically. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)/ Parathormone Physiology: Secreted by parathyroid chief cells … Read more

Insulin

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Insulin

Definition of Insulin: Insulin therapy is indispensable for type 1 diabetes and may be required in advanced type 2 diabetes. Physiology: Produced by β-cells of the pancreas; released in response to increased blood glucose. Lowers blood glucose by facilitating glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production. Types of Insulin: … Read more

Thyroid Hormones: Analogues and Their Inhibitors

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Thyroid Hormones Analogues and Their Inhibitors

Thyroid Hormones: Analogues and Their Inhibitors include levothyroxine, liothyronine, and antithyroid drugs. Thyroid Hormones: Analogues and Their Inhibitors regulate metabolism and treat thyroid disorders. Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in metabolism, growth, and development. Pharmacological manipulation of these hormones is essential in treating various thyroid disorders. Thyroid Hormones: T3 (Triiodothyronine) and T4 (Thyroxine) Synthesis: … Read more

Anterior Pituitary Hormones: Analogues and Their Inhibitors

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Anterior Pituitary Hormones: Analogues and Their Inhibitors include GnRH analogues and dopamine agonists. Anterior Pituitary Hormones: Analogues and Their Inhibitors regulate growth, reproduction, and metabolism. Physiology of the Anterior Pituitary The anterior pituitary secretes several key hormones regulated by hypothalamic-releasing and inhibiting factors. Hormones Produced: Growth Hormone (GH) Prolactin Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) … Read more

Basic Concepts in Endocrine Pharmacology

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Basic Concepts in Endocrine Pharmacology: Involves receptor binding, feedback, and drug interactions. Basic Concepts in Endocrine Pharmacology is the Study of hormone action, synthesis, and regulation. Endocrine System Overview Definition: The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, and stress … Read more

Enalapril

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Enalapril

Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor used in hypertension and heart failure by relaxing blood vessels and reducing blood pressure. Structure of Enalapril Enalapril is a prodrug ACE inhibitor converted to enalaprilat in vivo, featuring a proline derivative linked to a diethyl ester. Chemical Formula: C₁₇H₂₅N₃O₅ Mode of Action Prodrug Activation: Converted to active enalaprilat in … Read more

Diazoxide

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Diazoxide

Diazoxide is a vasodilator used in hypertensive emergencies by relaxing arterioles and rapidly reducing blood pressure. Structure of Diazoxide Diazoxide is a benzothiadiazine derivative with an open ring structure, containing a sulfonamide group and a hydroxyl substituent. Chemical Formula: C₈H₇N₃O₃S Mode of Action Potassium Channel Opener: Activates ATP-sensitive potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle. Hyperpolarization: … Read more

Sodium Nitroprusside

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Sodium Nitroprusside

Sodium Nitroprusside is a potent vasodilator used in hypertensive emergencies by rapidly relaxing blood vessels and lowering blood pressure. Structure of Sodium Nitroprusside It is a coordination complex containing a central iron atom bonded to five cyanide ligands and two nitrosyl groups. Chemical Formula: Na₂[Fe(CN)₅NO] Mode of Action Nitric Oxide Release: It releases nitric oxide … Read more

Reserpine

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Reserpine

Reserpine is an antihypertensive and antipsychotic agent that lowers blood pressure by depleting norepinephrine from nerve endings. Structure of Reserpine Reserpine is an indole alkaloid derived from the Rauwolfia serpentina plant, featuring a complex structure with an indole ring and multiple alkyl side chains. Chemical Formula: C₂₂H₂₄N₂O Mode of Action Sympathetic Inhibition: Depletes catecholamines (norepinephrine, … Read more

Guanabenz Acetate

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Guanabenz Acetate

Guanabenz Acetate is a centrally acting antihypertensive that lowers blood pressure by reducing sympathetic nerve activity. Structure of Guanabenz Acetate It is a guanidine derivative with an aromatic ring substituted with an ethylene bridge connecting to a guanidine moiety. Chemical Formula: C₁₀H₁₉N₃O₂S Mode of Action Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonism: Activates central alpha-2 receptors, reducing sympathetic outflow. … Read more