B Pharmacy

B Pharmacy is a 4-year undergraduate program in India that provides comprehensive knowledge of drugs, healthcare, and pharmaceutical sciences. It prepares students for careers in the pharmaceutical industry, clinical research, and healthcare services.

Key Core Subjects:

  • Human Anatomy & Physiology – Study of body structure and function
  • Pharmaceutical Chemistry – Includes organic, inorganic, and medicinal chemistry
  • Pharmacology – Effects and mechanisms of drug action
  • Pharmaceutics – Drug formulation, delivery, and manufacturing
  • Pharmacognosy – Drugs from natural sources
  • Biochemistry – Chemical processes in the body
  • Microbiology – Study of microbes in health and disease
  • Pharmaceutical Analysis – Quality control and drug testing
  • Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy – Pharmacy practice in healthcare
  • Industrial Pharmacy – Large-scale drug production
  • Pharmacokinetics & Biopharmaceutics – Drug absorption and metabolism
  • Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence – Laws and ethics in pharmacy

This course builds a strong foundation for B Pharmacy Students all over the world.

Anti-Platelet Drugs

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Anti-Platelet Drugs

Definition of Anti-Platelet Drugs Anti-Platelet Drugs agents inhibit platelet aggregation and activation, thereby preventing thrombus formation. Classes of Anti-Platelet Agents Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid): Mechanism: Irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), reducing thromboxane A2 synthesis, which decreases platelet aggregation. Use: Prevention of AMI, stroke, and in peripheral arterial disease. Side Effects: Gastrointestinal ulcers, bleeding, Reye’s syndrome in children. … Read more

Fibrinolytics

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Fibrinolytics

Definition of Fibrinolytics: Fibrinolytics, also known as thrombolytics, are agents that dissolve blood clots by activating the fibrinolytic system. Mechanism of Action Activation of Plasminogen: Fibrinolytics convert plasminogen to plasmin, an enzyme that degrades fibrin clots. Cleavage of Fibrin: Plasmin breaks down fibrin into soluble degradation products, dissolving the clot. Common Fibrinolytic Agents Alteplase (tPA): … Read more

Anticoagulants

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Anticoagulants

Definition of Anticoagulants: Anticoagulants inhibit various components of the coagulation cascade to prevent thrombus formation, used in conditions at risk for thrombosis. Heparin and Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWHs) Examples: Enoxaparin Mechanism: Heparin activates antithrombin III, which inactivates thrombin and factor Xa; LMWHs have more selective inhibition of factor Xa. Use: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), … Read more

Coagulants

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Coagulants

Definition of Coagulants: Coagulants are agents that promote clotting, used in conditions where there is a deficiency or dysfunction in the clotting cascade. Vitamin K: Mechanism: Essential for γ-carboxylation of certain glutamate residues in clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as proteins C and S. Use: Vitamin K deficiency, warfarin reversal, hemorrhagic … Read more

Blood Clotting (Coagulation)

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Blood Clotting (Coagulation)

Definition of Blood Clotting (Coagulation): Blood clotting, or coagulation, is a complex physiological process that prevents excessive bleeding (hemostasis) when a blood vessel is injured. It involves platelets, clotting factors, and the coagulation cascade to form a stable fibrin clot. Phases of Blood Clotting Vascular Spasm (Vasoconstriction): Immediate narrowing of the blood vessel to reduce … Read more

Methazolamide

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Methazolamide

Methazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to reduce intraocular pressure in glaucoma by decreasing aqueous humor production. Structure of Methazolamide It is a thiazide-like carbonic anhydrase inhibitor with a central sulfonamide group attached to a benzene ring and a thiazole moiety. Chemical Formula: C₅H₇N₃O₃S₂ Mode of Action Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition: Similar to acetazolamide, methazolamide … Read more

Diuretics: Overview and Classification

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Diuretics: Overview and Classification

Diuretics are a class of medications that promote the excretion of water and electrolytes (such as sodium and potassium) through the kidneys. They are primarily used to manage conditions like hypertension (high blood pressure), heart failure, kidney disorders, and certain cases of edema (fluid retention). By increasing urine output, diuretics help reduce blood volume, thereby … Read more

Nimodipine

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Nimodipine

Nimodipine is a calcium channel blocker used to prevent brain damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage by improving cerebral blood flow. Structure of Nimodipine Nimodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker with a substituted phenyl ring and a methoxyethyl side chain attached to the dihydropyridine core. Chemical Formula: C₂₄H₃₀N₂O₆ Mode of Action Calcium Channel Blocking: Selectively inhibits … Read more

Nicardipine

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Nicardipine

Nicardipine is a calcium channel blocker used to manage angina and hypertension by easing blood vessel tension and improving flow. Structure of Nicardipine Nicardipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker with a substituted phenyl ring and a methoxyethyl group attached to the dihydropyridine core. Chemical Formula: C₂₂H₂₆N₂O₆ Mode of Action Calcium Channel Blocking: Inhibits L-type … Read more

Acetazolamide

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Acetazolamide

Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic used for glaucoma, altitude sickness, and some seizure and edema conditions. Structure of Acetazolamide Acetazolamide is a sulfonamide derivative with a central sulfonamide group attached to a benzene ring and a dithiocarbamate moiety. Chemical Formula: C₄H₆N₂O₃S₂ Mode of Action Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition: Acetazolamide inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, … Read more