B Pharmacy is a 4-year undergraduate program in India that provides comprehensive knowledge of drugs, healthcare, and pharmaceutical sciences. It prepares students for careers in the pharmaceutical industry, clinical research, and healthcare services.
This course builds a strong foundation for B Pharmacy Students all over the world.
Alcohol (Ethanol) is a CNS depressant that affects mood, behavior, and coordination, commonly used socially but linked to dependence and toxicity. Pharmacological Actions: Ethanol is a CNS depressant. It acts by enhancing GABA-A receptor activity (inhibitory neurotransmission) and inhibiting NMDA-type glutamate receptors (excitatory neurotransmission). It produces dose-dependent CNS depression, from disinhibition to sedation, anesthesia, and … Read more
Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride is a typical antipsychotic, reducing psychotic symptoms through dopamine antagonism. It treats schizophrenia, anxiety, and severe nausea by blocking dopamine receptors. Chemical Formula: C₂₁H₂₄F₃N₃S·HCl Mechanism of Action: Potent D2 antagonist, especially in mesolimbic tract Minimal effect on muscarinic/H1 receptors Therapeutic Uses of Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride: Schizophrenia Acute anxiety (short-term use) Side Effects of Trifluoperazine … Read more
Prochlorperazine Maleate is a dopamine antagonist, blocking D2 receptors in the brain to control symptoms. Prochlorperazine Maleate treats nausea, vomiting, and psychotic disorders like schizophrenia. Chemical Formula: C₂₀H₂₄ClN₃S·C₄H₄O₄ Mechanism of Action: Strong D2 receptor blockade Acts on chemoreceptor trigger (CTZ) Therapeutic Uses of Prochlorperazine Maleate: Nausea and vomiting Vertigo Schizophrenia Migraine-associated nausea Side Effects of … Read more
Piperacetazine Hydrochloride is a typical antipsychotic that blocks dopamine receptors, reducing symptoms. Piperacetazine Hydrochloride is used to treat anxiety, agitation, and psychotic disorders. Chemical Formula: C₂₁H₂₄ClN₃OS·HCl Mechanism of Piperacetazine Hydrochloride: Strong D2 antagonist Uses of Piperacetazine Hydrochloride: Psychosis Schizophrenia Side Effects: High EPS risk Moderate sedation Anticholinergic effects (less than others)
Triflupromazine is an antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Triflupromazine blocks dopamine receptors, helping to manage symptoms of psychosis. Chemical Formula: C₁₈H₁₉F₃N₂S Mechanism of Action: D2 antagonist, more potent than promazine Uses of Triflupromazine: Severe anxiety and psychosis Nausea/vomiting Side Effects of Triflupromazine: High sedation Orthostatic hypotension Moderate EPS risk
Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride blocks dopamine receptors, offering sedative and antipsychotic properties. Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride treats schizophrenia, nausea, and anxiety through its antipsychotic effects. Chemical Formula: C₁₇H₁₉ClN₂S·HCl Mechanism of Action: Strong D2 receptor blocker (limbic system, basal ganglia) Also blocks α1-adrenergic, muscarinic, and histamine H1 receptors Therapeutic Uses: Schizophrenia Acute psychosis Severe agitation Intractable hiccups Nausea and vomiting … Read more
Promazine Hydrochloride is an antipsychotic that blocks dopamine receptors, reducing symptoms of psychosis. Promazine Hydrochloride treats psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia, by calming agitation. Chemical Formula: C₁₇H₂₀ClN₃S Mechanism of Action: D2 receptor antagonist Mild antihistaminic and anticholinergic activity Therapeutic Uses of Promazine Hydrochloride: Psychotic disorders Preoperative sedation Less potent than chlorpromazine Side Effects of Promazine Hydrochloride: … Read more
Definition of Antipsychotic Agents Antipsychotics Agents (also known as neuroleptics) are drugs used to treat schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder, and related psychiatric conditions. Antipsychotic Agents modify dopamine and serotonin pathways to manage psychotic symptoms. They act primarily by blocking dopamine (D2) receptors, though newer agents affect serotonin and other receptors as well. Classification of Antipsychotic … Read more
Meprobamate acts on GABA receptors, producing sedative, anxiolytic, and muscle relaxant effects. It is used for short-term relief of anxiety and tension disorders. Chemical Formula: C₉H₁₈N₂O₄ Mechanism of Meprobamate: Enhances GABA-A receptor activity, similar to barbiturates. Also acts on spinal cord interneurons for muscle relaxant effect. Therapeutic Uses of Meprobamate: Anxiety (mild to moderate) Sedation … Read more
Paraldehyde is a central nervous system depressant, promoting sedation and muscle relaxation. It treats acute seizures and alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Chemical Formula: C₆H₁₂O₃ Mechanism of Action: CNS depressant: exact mechanism unclear. Possibly acts on GABA-A receptors and enhances inhibitory tone. Therapeutic Uses of Paraldehyde: Delirium tremens (alcohol withdrawal) Status epilepticus (historical use) Sedation (limited due … Read more
