B Pharmacy is a 4-year undergraduate program in India that provides comprehensive knowledge of drugs, healthcare, and pharmaceutical sciences. It prepares students for careers in the pharmaceutical industry, clinical research, and healthcare services.
This course builds a strong foundation for B Pharmacy Students all over the world.
This article explains the Drugs Used in the Therapy of Shock such as vasopressors, inotropes, and fluids for emergency care. Drugs Used in the Therapy of Shock help restore blood pressure, perfusion, and organ function in critical conditions. Shock is a critical condition characterized by inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation, leading to cellular dysfunction and … Read more
Shock It is a life-threatening condition where inadequate tissue perfusion leads to cellular dysfunction, organ failure, and death if not promptly treated. Pathophysiology Initial Stage – Compensatory mechanisms (tachycardia, vasoconstriction) maintain perfusion. Progressive Stage – Oxygen delivery fails → Anaerobic metabolism → Lactic acidosis → Cell dysfunction. Irreversible Stage – Multi-organ failure → Death if … Read more
Dipyridamole is an anti-anginal and antiplatelet drug that improves coronary blood flow and prevents blood clots. Structure of Dipyridamole Dipyridamole is a bis(pyrrolidine) derivative linked by a central ethylene bridge with two methanol side groups. Chemical Formula: C₂₀H₂₂N₄O₂ Mode of Action Phosphodiesterase Inhibition: Inhibits the enzyme responsible for breaking down cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP, … Read more
Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker used as an anti-anginal drug that reduces heart workload and improves blood flow by relaxing blood vessels. Structure of Verapamil Verapamil is a phenylalkylamine derivative featuring a benzene ring connected to a dihydropyridine moiety through a methoxyethyl bridge. Chemical Formula: C₂₂H₂₉N₃O₄ Mode of Action Calcium Channel Blocking: Inhibits L-type … Read more
Isosorbide Dinitrite is an anti-anginal drug that relieves chest pain by dilating blood vessels and lowering heart workload. Structure of Isosorbide Dinitrite It is an organic nitrate derived from isosorbide, featuring two nitrate groups esterified to the hydroxyl groups of the isosorbide moiety. Chemical Formula: C₆H₈N₂O₆ Mode of Action Nitric Oxide Release: Metabolizes to release … Read more
Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate is a long-acting anti-anginal drug that improves blood flow and reduces cardiac workload by dilating blood vessels. Structure of Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate PETN is a nitrate ester of pentaerythritol, featuring four nitrate groups esterified to the hydroxyl groups of pentaerythritol. Chemical Formula: C₅H₈N₃O₁₈ Mode of Action Nitric Oxide Release: PETN metabolizes to release NO, … Read more
Nitroglycerin is a potent anti-anginal drug that relieves chest pain by dilating coronary arteries and reducing myocardial oxygen demand. Structure of Nitroglycerin It is also known as glyceryl trinitrate, is a nitrate ester of glycerol. It contains three nitrate groups esterified to the three hydroxyl groups of glycerol. Chemical Formula: C₃H₅N₃O₉ Mode of Action Nitric … Read more
Structure of Amyl Nitrite It is an organic compound belonging to the class of alkyl nitrites. It consists of a nitrite group attached to an amyl (pentyl) chain. Chemical Formula: C₅H₁₁NO₂ Mode of Action Nitric Oxide Donor: It releases nitric oxide (NO) upon metabolism. Vasodilation: NO activates guanylate cyclase in vascular smooth muscle, increasing cyclic … Read more
Angina Pectoris is chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, often triggered by exertion or stress and linked to coronary artery disease. Angina pectoris, commonly referred to simply as angina, is a clinical syndrome characterized by ischemic chest pain resulting from an imbalance between the myocardial oxygen demand and supply. It … Read more
Anti-Anginal Drugs are medications that relieve chest pain in angina by improving blood flow to the heart or reducing its oxygen demand. Anti-anginal drugs are medications used to alleviate and prevent angina pectoris (chest pain) resulting from myocardial ischemia. They work by either increasing the oxygen supply to the heart muscle or decreasing its oxygen … Read more
