B Pharmacy

Application of Spectroscopy in Isolation, Purification and Identification helps detect, separate, and purify plant compounds precisely. Explore the Application of Spectroscopy in Isolation, Purification and Identification to analyze structure and ensure compound purity. Spectroscopic methods play a crucial role in identifying the structure, functional groups, and composition of bioactive compounds in crude extracts. Common techniques … Read more

Explore the Application of Chromatography in the isolation, purification and identification for accurate compound detection and purity analysis. Application of Chromatography in the isolation, purification and identification enables separation of complex plant mixtures with precision. Chromatography is essential for separating, purifying, and identifying bioactive compounds from crude plant or microbial extracts. These techniques exploit differences … Read more

Basics of Phytochemistry: Basics of Phytochemistry explore plant-derived bioactive compounds essential in drug discovery and natural product chemistry. Definition and Scope of Basics of Phytochemistry: Phytochemistry is the study of chemicals derived from plants (phytochemicals) and encompasses their biosynthesis, structure, function, and application. These compounds include alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, saponins, and glycosides, among others. … Read more

 Modern Methods of Extraction is the first crucial step in phytochemical analysis, aiming to isolate bioactive compounds from plant material. Modern extraction methods focus on improving efficiency, reducing solvent usage, and preserving compound integrity. Conventional Extraction Techniques Conventional methods have been used for a long time and rely primarily on heat and solvent use to … Read more

Industrial Production of Vincristine and Vinblastine Source: Vincristine and vinblastine are alkaloids extracted from the Madagascar periwinkle plant, Catharanthus roseus (formerly Vinca rosea).   Extraction Process of Vincristine and Vinblastine: Cultivation: roseus is cultivated in controlled environments to maximize alkaloid content. Harvesting: Aerial parts (leaves and stems) are harvested, dried, and processed. Extraction: Solvent extraction … Read more

Industrial Production of Taxol (Paclitaxel) Source: Taxol is a complex diterpenoid alkaloid originally isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. Extraction Process of Taxol (Paclitaxel): Harvesting: Historically, Taxus tree bark was harvested destructively, but sustainable methods have been developed. Sustainable Production: Nowadays, taxol is also obtained from cultivated Taxus cell cultures … Read more

Industrial Production of Caffeine Source: Caffeine is naturally present in various plants, including coffee beans (Coffea species), tea leaves (Camellia sinensis), kola nuts (Cola species, used in cola beverages), and cacao beans (Theobroma cacao). Extraction Process of Caffeine: Harvesting: Plant materials (e.g., coffee beans, tea leaves) are harvested and processed (roasted, dried). Extraction: Caffeine is … Read more

Industrial Production of Podophyllotoxin Source: Podophyllotoxin is a lignan extracted primarily from the roots and rhizomes of Podophyllum species, such as Podophyllum peltatum (mayapple) and Podophyllum emodi. Extraction Process of Podophyllotoxin: Harvesting: Plant roots are harvested, cleaned, and dried. Extraction: Solvent extraction using alcohols like methanol or ethanol. Isolation: Liquid-liquid extraction and chromatographic techniques (e.g., … Read more

Industrial Production of Atropine Source: Atropine is an alkaloid extracted from plants of the Solanaceae family, notably Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade), Datura stramonium, and Mandragora officinarum. Extraction Process of Atropine: Cultivation: Plants are cultivated under controlled conditions to optimize alkaloid content. Harvesting: Aerial parts are harvested, dried, and processed. Extraction: Alkaline extraction using solvents like … Read more

Industrial Production of Digoxin Source: Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata. Extraction Process of Digoxin: Cultivation: lanata is cultivated, ensuring optimal growth conditions for maximum digoxins content. Harvesting: Leaves are harvested, dried, and processed. Extraction: Solvent extraction using alcohol or ether extracts the cardiac glycosides. Isolation: Techniques such as … Read more