B Pharmacy is a 4-year undergraduate program in India that provides comprehensive knowledge of drugs, healthcare, and pharmaceutical sciences. It prepares students for careers in the pharmaceutical industry, clinical research, and healthcare services.
This course builds a strong foundation for B Pharmacy Students all over the world.
Mitotane is an anti-neoplastic agent used to treat adrenal cortex cancer by suppressing adrenal function and destroying adrenal cells. Structure of Mitotane Mitotane is an adrenolytic agent structurally related to the insecticide DDT, featuring a dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) core with modifications. Chemical Formula: C₁₈H₁₂Cl₄O Mode of Action Adrenolytic Effects: Specifically targets and destroys adrenal cortical cells. … Read more
Definition of Alkaloids Alkaloids are nitrogen-containing natural compounds, primarily derived from amino acids, known for diverse pharmacological activities and often bitter taste. Structural Features Contain basic nitrogen atoms with complex ring and heterocyclic structures. Classification of Alkaloids Based on biosynthetic origin or structure: Pyridine/Piperidine: e.g., Nicotine Indole: e.g., Vincristine Quinoline/Quinolizidine: e.g., Quinine Tropane: e.g., Cocaine, … Read more
Source and Occurrence of Rutin Rutin is a flavonoid glycoside found in various plants, including Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), Citrus fruits, Apples, and Tea. It contributes to the yellow coloration in plants and has significant antioxidant properties. Isolation Extraction: Ethanol or Methanol Extraction: Dried plant material is powdered and extracted with alcohol to solubilize rutin. Purification: … Read more
Introduction to Glycosides: Organic compounds with sugar and non-sugar parts. Introduction to Glycosides: Found in plants, used for therapeutic benefits. Definition & Structure: Glycosides are compounds consisting of a sugar moiety (glycone) linked to a non-sugar aglycone via a glycosidic bond. Aglycones can be terpenoids, phenols, or alkaloids. Structure and Classification Based on aglycone: Flavonoid … Read more
Source and Occurrence of Artemisinin Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone containing a peroxide bridge, isolated from the sweet wormwood plant (Artemisia annua). It is renowned for its potent antimalarial properties. Isolation Extraction: Solvent Extraction: Dried and powdered Artemisia annua leaves are subjected to extraction using solvents like ethanol or dichloromethane. Purification: Liquid-Liquid Extraction: Separates artemisinin’s … Read more
Source and Occurrence of Citral: Citral is a key component of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) essential oils. It exists in two isomeric forms: geranial (trans-citral) and neral (cis-citral). Isolation Extraction: Steam Distillation: Similar to menthol, citral is extracted via steam distillation of lemongrass leaves. Solvent Extraction: Alternatively, organic solvents like hexane … Read more
Source and Occurrence of Menthol: Menthol is predominantly found in the essential oils of the peppermint plant (Mentha × piperita), but it is also present in other mint species such as spearmint (Mentha spicata). It is widely used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food industries for its cooling sensation and minty flavor. Isolation of Menthol: Extraction: … Read more
Thioguanine is an anti-neoplastic antimetabolite used in acute leukemia treatment by inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis in cancer cells. Structure of Thioguanine It is also known as 6-thioguanine (6-TG), is a purine analog with the following structural features: Purine Base: Similar to guanine. Thio Group: Contains a sulfur atom replacing the oxygen at position 6. … Read more
Mercaptopurine is an anti-neoplastic antimetabolite used to treat leukemia by interfering with DNA and RNA synthesis in cancer cells. Structure of Mercaptopurine It is also known as 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), is a purine analog with the following structural features: Purine Base: Similar to hypoxanthine. Thio Group: Contains a sulfur atom replacing the oxygen at position 6. … Read more
Methotrexate is an anti-neoplastic antimetabolite used to treat leukemia, lymphoma, and breast cancer by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Structure of Methotrexate It is a folate analog with the following structural features: Pteridine Ring: Core structure similar to folic acid. Glutamate Residues: Multiple glutamate moieties attached to the pteridine ring. Chemical Formula: C₂⁰H₂⁷N₇O₇ Mode of Action Methotrexate … Read more
