B Pharmacy

B Pharmacy is a 4-year undergraduate program in India that provides comprehensive knowledge of drugs, healthcare, and pharmaceutical sciences. It prepares students for careers in the pharmaceutical industry, clinical research, and healthcare services.

Key Core Subjects:

  • Human Anatomy & Physiology
  • Pharmaceutical Chemistry
  • Pharmacology Pharmaceutics
  • Pharmacognosy
  • Biochemistry
  • Microbiology
  • Pharmaceutical Analysis
  • Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy
  • Industrial Pharmacy
  • Pharmacokinetics & Biopharmaceutics
  • Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence

This course builds a strong foundation for B Pharmacy Students all over the world.

Edrophonium Chloride

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Edrophonium Chloride

Edrophonium Chloride is a short-acting, quaternary ammonium compound classified as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. It temporarily increases acetylcholine levels at neuromuscular junctions by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Chemical Formula: C₁₀H₁₆ClNO Mechanism of Action: Short-acting reversible AChE inhibitor. Binds via electrostatic + hydrogen bonding, not covalent. Uses of Edrophonium Chloride: Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (Tensilon test) … Read more

Melphalan

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Melphalan

Melphalan, an anti-neoplastic alkylating agent, is used to treat multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer by damaging cancer cell DNA and inhibiting growth. Structure of Melphalan Melphalan is an alkylating agent belonging to the nitrogen mustard family, featuring a phenylalanine moiety. Chemical Formula: C₁₁H₁₄Cl₂N₂O₂ Mode of Action DNA Alkylation: Forms crosslinks with DNA, disrupting DNA synthesis … Read more

Cyclophosphamide

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Cyclophosphamide

Cyclophosphamide is a widely used alkylating anti-cancer drug that targets DNA to treat lymphomas, leukemias, and solid tumors. Structure of Cyclophosphamide Cyclophosphamide is a prodrug alkylating agent with a nitrogen mustard structure attached to a phosphoramide moiety. Chemical Formula: C₈H₁₅Cl₂N₂O₂P Mode of Action Prodrug Activation: Metabolized in the liver to form active metabolites (phosphoramide mustard … Read more

Meclorethamine

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Meclorethamine

Meclorethamine is an alkylating anti-cancer drug that inhibits DNA replication, used in treating Hodgkin’s lymphoma and other cancers. Structure of Meclorethamine Meclorethamine, also known as nitrogen mustard, is one of the first alkylating agents used in chemotherapy. Its structure comprises: A mustard moiety with two chloroethyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom. Chemical Formula: C₄H₉Cl₂N … Read more

Pyridostigmine

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Pyridostigmine

Pyridostigmine is a quaternary ammonium compound, and a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to enhance cholinergic transmission by preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions. It is primarily indicated for the symptomatic treatment of myasthenia gravis, reversal of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade, and as a prophylactic agent against nerve gas poisoning. Chemical Formula: C₉H₁₃N₂O₂ Mechanism of … Read more

Anti-neoplastic agents

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Anti-neoplastic agents

Anti-neoplastic agents are drugs used to inhibit or stop the growth of cancer cells, aiding in the treatment of various malignancies. Definition: These are specialized drugs used primarily to treat cancer. They work by destroying or inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. However, these agents can also affect healthy cells, leading to various side effects. … Read more

Classification of Anti-Neoplastic Agents

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Classification of Anti-Neoplastic Agents

Classification of anti-neoplastic agents based on mechanism and origin, targeting cancer cells and aiding effective cancer therapy. Classification of Anti-Neoplastic Agents Anti-neoplastic agents are classified based on their mechanism of action and origin. The primary categories include: Alkylating Agents Mechanism: Add alkyl groups to DNA, causing cross-linking and preventing DNA replication and transcription. Examples: Mechlorethamine … Read more

Neostigmine

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Neostigmine

Neostigmine is a synthetic quaternary ammonium compound that acts as a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. It inhibits the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, thereby increasing the concentration of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions and cholinergic synapses. Chemical Formula: C₁₂H₁₉N₂O₂⁺ Mechanism of Action: Reversible AChE inhibitor. Also has some direct nicotinic agonist activity at NMJ. Uses of Neostigmine: Myasthenia gravis Reversal … Read more

Physostigmine

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Physostigmine

Physostigmine is a naturally occurring reversible cholinesterase inhibitor derived from the seeds of Physostigma venenosum (Calabar bean). It inhibits acetylcholinesterase, leading to increased levels of acetylcholine at synaptic and neuromuscular junctions. Chemical Formula: C₁₅H₂₁N₃O₂ Mechanism of Action: Reversible AChE inhibitor. Crosses blood-brain barrier (BBB) → CNS effects. Uses of Physostigmine: Antidote for anticholinergic toxicity (e.g. … Read more

Pilocarpine

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Pilocarpine

Pilocarpine is a naturally occurring alkaloid and cholinergic parasympathomimetic agent that acts primarily as a muscarinic receptor agonist. It mimics the action of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors, especially M3 receptors, stimulating smooth muscle contraction, glandular secretion, and pupil constriction. Chemical Formula: C₁₁H₁₆N₂O₂ Mechanism of Action: Muscarinic agonist, especially M3 Stimulates secretions and ciliary muscle contraction … Read more

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