Radiopharmaceuticals

radiopharmaceuticals

Radiopharmaceuticals Radiopharmaceuticals are a specialized class of medicinal products containing radioisotopes, which are unstable atoms emitting radiation. They are primarily used in nuclear medicine for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Applications of Radiopharmaceuticals Diagnostic Imaging Radiopharmaceuticals are used as imaging agents to visualize the function of specific organs or tissues. After administration, they accumulate in … Read more

Hypertension

Hypertension

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a common condition in which the force of blood against the artery walls is consistently too high. Over time, this increased pressure can damage blood vessels and lead to various complications, including heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) and … Read more

Potash Alum (Potassium Aluminium Sulfate)

potash alum

Preparation of Potash Alum: It is typically prepared by the reaction of aluminium sulphate with potassium sulphate: Al2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 → 2KAl (SO4)2 Properties of Potash Alum: A colorless, odorless, crystalline compound. Soluble in water. Commonly found as a dodecahydrate (KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O), forming translucent, colorless crystals. Uses Astringent: Used in skin care products, mouthwashes, and aftershaves. … Read more

Astringents

Astringent

Overview of Astringents: Astringents are substances that cause the contraction or shrinkage of tissues, helping to dry out and tighten the skin. Commonly used in dermatology, cosmetics, and some medical treatments. They work primarily by precipitating proteins on the skin surface or mucous membranes, leading to reduced tissue permeability, inflammation, secretion, and bleeding. Mechanism of … Read more

Sodium Nitrite

Sodium Nitrite

Preparation of Sodium Nitrite: Produced by reacting nitrous acid with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate: HNO2+NaOH→NaNO2+H2O Properties of Sodium Nitrite: White or slightly yellowish crystalline powder. Soluble in water. Acts as a strong oxidizer and can be corrosive. Uses Antidote for Cyanide Poisoning: Used in combination with sodium thiosulfate. Food Preservative: Especially in cured meats. … Read more

Activated Charcoal

activated charcoal

Preparation of Activated Charcoal: Prepared by heating carbon-rich materials (wood, peat, coconut shells, sawdust) in the presence of a gas (steam or carbon dioxide) at high temperatures. This process increases the surface area and porosity of the material. Properties of Activated Charcoal: Fine, black, odorless powder. Has a large surface area and highly adsorptive properties. … Read more

Sodium Thiosulfate

Sodium Thiosulfate

Preparation of Sodium Thiosulfate: Sodium thiosulfate is prepared by reacting sulfur dioxide with a sodium sulfite solution, followed by the addition of elemental sulfur: SO2 + 2Na2SO3 + S → 2Na2S2O3 Properties of Sodium Thiosulfate: A colorless, odorless, and crystalline compound. Highly soluble in water. Also known as “hypo.” Uses Antidote for Cyanide Poisoning: Used … Read more

Ferrous Gluconate (C₁₂H₂₂FeO₁₄)

ferrous gluconate

Preparation of Ferrous Gluconate: It can be prepared by reacting ferrous sulfate with sodium gluconate: $ {FeSO4 + Na2C6H12O7 -> FeC12H22O14 + Na2SO4} $ Properties of Ferrous Gluconate: Physical Appearance: Yellowish-gray to light green crystalline powder. Solubility: Soluble in water with a mildly sweet taste. Nature: Non-toxic, biodegradable compound. Melting Point: About 180°C (356°F). Uses … Read more