Gonorrhea Definition Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It primarily infects the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract, including the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes in women, and the urethra in both men and women. It can also affect the mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, eyes, … Read more
Syphilis Definition Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It progresses through distinct stages and, if untreated, can lead to serious health complications affecting various organs such as the skin, mucous membranes, nervous system, and cardiovascular system. Stages of Syphilis Primary Syphilis: Timeline: Occurs about 3 weeks after exposure … Read more
AIDS Definition AIDS is a chronic, life-threatening condition caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV destroys CD4 cells (T-helper cells), weakening the immune system and making the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections and cancers. Stages of HIV Infection Acute HIV Infection: Timeline: 2-4 weeks after exposure. Symptoms: Flu-like symptoms (fever, swollen glands, sore throat, … Read more
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) is an infection that affects any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Most infections involve the lower urinary tract – the bladder and the urethra. Signs and Symptoms of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) Lower UTI (Cystitis – Infection of the Bladder): Dysuria: Pain or burning … Read more
Tuberculosis is a potentially severe infectious disease primarily affecting the lungs (pulmonary TB) but can also affect other parts of the body (extrapulmonary TB). It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Signs and Symptoms of Tuberculosis Pulmonary TB: Persistent Cough: Lasting more than three weeks, sometimes producing blood (hemoptysis). Chest Pain: Painful breathing or … Read more
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, which primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, respiratory system, and eyes. It has a long incubation period, sometimes taking years to manifest symptoms. Signs and Symptoms Early Signs: Skin Lesions: Pale or reddish patches that are numb to touch. Numbness: Loss of sensation … Read more
Typhoid fever is a systemic bacterial infection caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (commonly called Salmonella typhi). It primarily affects the gastrointestinal system and can lead to severe complications if untreated. Signs and Symptoms Early Stage: Fever: Starts low and increases daily. Weakness: General feeling of malaise. Abdominal Pain: Discomfort in the abdominal area. Headache: … Read more
Meningitis is the inflammation of the membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is a medical emergency due to the potential for rapid progression and severe complications, including death. Signs and Symptoms General Symptoms: Severe Headache: A hallmark of meningitis, often described as the worst headache of one’s life. Fever: High temperature, often … Read more
Infectious Diseases are illnesses caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Infectious diseases can spread directly (e.g., person-to-person contact) or indirectly (e.g., through vectors like insects or contaminated surfaces). Types of Pathogens Bacteria: Cause diseases like tuberculosis and strep throat. Viruses: Cause influenza, HIV/AIDS, and COVID-19. Fungi: Cause athlete’s foot and ringworm. … Read more
Signs and Symptoms of Cancer Signs are objective, observable indicators of a disease (e.g., fever, rash), seen or measured by a doctor. Symptoms are subjective experiences felt by the patient (e.g., pain, fatigue). Together, they help in diagnosing and managing medical conditions effectively. Common signs and symptoms of cancer include: Unexplained Weight Loss Persistent Fatigue … Read more