Cellular damage occurs when various factors disrupt the normal functioning of cellular components, such as cell membranes, mitochondria, ribosomes, and nuclei. Understanding the pathogenesis of this damage is crucial to comprehending how cells respond to stressors and how injury can lead to cell dysfunction or death. Cell Membrane Damage Cellular damage cell membrane is a … Read more
Cause of Cell injury refers to the structural or functional impairment of a cell resulting from exposure to harmful stimuli or stressors. It can disrupt normal cellular processes and lead to cell dysfunction or death. Types of Cell Injury Reversible Cause Cell injury Occurs when a harmful stimulus is mild or removed. The cell can … Read more
Morphological Features of Cell Injury are structural changes in cells caused by harmful stimuli. In reversible injury, cells may swell, accumulate fat, and show mild organelle damage. In irreversible injury, more severe changes occur, such as membrane rupture and nuclear alterations like pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis, often leading to necrosis or apoptosis. Morphological Features help … Read more
Pregnancy is the period during which a fertilized egg (zygote) develops into a fetus inside the uterus of a female. It usually lasts around 40 weeks, or about 9 months, from the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP) and is divided into three trimesters. Signs and symptoms of pregnancy Early Signs and Symptoms … Read more