Elements of Symmetry are geometric features like planes, axes, or centers that describe balance and repetition in a molecule’s structure. An element of symmetry is a feature (like a plane, point, or axis) that describes how a molecule can be transformed into an indistinguishable configuration. A molecule is achiral if it has any element of … Read more
Diastereomerism is a type of stereoisomerism where molecules have the same molecular formula but are not mirror images of each other. Unlike enantiomers, diastereomers differ in physical and chemical properties such as melting point, solubility, and reactivity. This distinction makes diastereomerism important in drug design, as different diastereomers of the same compound may show varied … Read more
Meso Compounds are achiral molecules with multiple chiral centers that contain an internal plane of symmetry. Definition of Meso Compounds: A meso compound is a special type of stereoisomer that contains multiple chiral centers but is nevertheless achiral as a whole. In other words, it has chiral centers, but due to an internal plane of … Read more
Definition of the Enantiomers: Enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. They have the same molecular formula and connectivity but differ in the spatial arrangement of groups around chiral centers. Key characteristics: Same physical properties (boiling point, melting point, solubility, etc.) Same chemical properties in achiral environments. Opposite optical rotation: One is dextrorotatory (+), … Read more
Optical Isomerism is a type of stereoisomerism where compounds differ in how they rotate plane-polarized light due to chiral centers. Definition of Optical Isomerism: Optical isomerism occurs when molecules can exist in two (or more) non-superimposable forms (stereoisomers) that differ in the way they interact with plane-polarized light. If a molecule can rotate the plane … Read more
Stereoisomerism is the occurrence of compounds with the same molecular formula but different spatial arrangements, affecting drug action and activity. Stereoisomerism is a form of isomerism in which molecules have: The same molecular formula The same sequence of bonded atoms (i.e., the same structural formula) But a different spatial arrangement of atoms or groups in … Read more
