Lymph circulation is the process by which lymph, a clear fluid containing excess interstitial fluid, waste products, and immune cells, is transported through the lymphatic system and returned to the bloodstream. The circulation of lymph is essential for maintaining fluid balance, immune function, and the removal of waste products from tissues. Here is a flowchart … Read more
Lymphatic vessels are crucial components of the lymphatic system, forming a network of thin-walled, branching tubes that transport lymph—a clear fluid containing excess interstitial fluid, proteins, waste, and immune cells. They maintain fluid balance by returning excess fluid from tissues to the bloodstream. Categories of Lymphatic Vessels Lymphatic Capillaries Smallest lymphatic vessel, composed of a … Read more
Lymphatic Organs and Tissues: Vital for the immune system, providing environments for immune cells to develop, mature, and interact with antigens. Lymphatic Organs and Tissues are classified into primary lymphoid organs (where lymphocytes are generated and mature) and secondary lymphoid organs (where immune responses are initiated). Primary Lymphoid Organs and Tissues Bone Marrow Soft tissue … Read more
The lymphatic system is a crucial part of the circulatory and immune systems. It is a network of vessels, tissues, and organs that help maintain fluid balance, remove waste products, and defend the body against infections and diseases. Main Components of the Lymphatic System Lymphatic Vessels A network of thin-walled vessels that transport lymph, a … Read more
Reticuloendothelial System (RES) also known as the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), the RES is a network of cells and tissues crucial for immune defense, homeostasis, and waste clearance. Composed primarily of phagocytic cells specialized in engulfing and digesting foreign particles, pathogens, and cellular debris. Main Cell Types Monocytes Large white blood cells from the bone … Read more
There are numerous blood disorders that can affect the various components of blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Common Blood Disorders Anemia Decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to reduced oxygen transport. Types include iron-deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, hemolytic, and sickle cell anemia. Hemophilia Inherited bleeding disorders caused … Read more
A blood transfusion is a medical procedure where blood or its components are transferred from a donor to a recipient’s circulatory system. This is crucial in treating various conditions, such as blood loss, anemia, clotting disorders, and diseases affecting blood cell production. Types of Blood Transfusions Whole Blood Transfusion Transfers all blood components but is … Read more
The Rh blood grouping system, also known as the Rhesus blood group system, is the second most significant blood group system after the ABO system and determines the Rh factor. It was first discovered in 1940 by Karl Landsteiner and Alexander Wiener during experiments with the blood of rhesus monkeys, which is how the system … Read more
Body fluids are essential liquids found within the human body that play vital roles in maintaining physiological functions and overall health. These fluids are distributed throughout the body’s tissues, cells, and cavities, and each type serves specific functions. Types of Body Fluids and Their Functions Blood Blood is a vital fluid circulating within blood vessels. … Read more
The Structure of skin is the largest organ of the body and serves multiple essential functions. It is composed of three main layers, each with distinct structures and roles. Epidermis: The outermost layer of the skin, composed mainly of keratinocytes, which produce the protein keratin. Layers of the Epidermis: Stratum Corneum: The topmost layer, made … Read more
