Objectives of Centrifugation Separation of Components: To separate particles based on their size, shape, density, viscosity of the medium, and rotor speed. Purification: To purify biological samples, such as proteins, nucleic acids, cells, and sub-cellular organelles. Concentration: To concentrate particles, cells, or macromolecules from a solution. Isolation: To isolate specific components from a complex mixture … Read more
Principle of Seitz Filter The Seitz filter operates on the principle of depth filtration, using a thick layer of porous material to trap particles throughout the filter medium. Construction of Seitz Filter Filter Pads: Made of cellulose, diatomaceous earth, or other fibrous materials. Filter Housing: Holds the filter pads in place, typically made of metal … Read more
Principle of Cartridge Filter It operates on the principle of surface and depth filtration, using replaceable filter cartridges to trap particles from fluids. They are widely used for their ease of replacement and versatility. Construction of Cartridge Filter Filter Cartridge: Cylindrical filter element made of materials like polypropylene, cellulose, or activated carbon. Filter Housing: Holds … Read more
Filtration is a mechanical or physical process used to separate solids from liquids or gases by passing the mixture through a medium that allows only the fluid to pass while retaining the solid particles. Here’s a detailed explanation of its various aspects: Objectives of Filtration Clarification: To remove suspended solids from liquids or gases, making … Read more
Theories & Factors influencing filtration Factors influencing filtration revolve around separating solid particles from liquid or gas using a porous medium Poiseuille’s Equation Poiseuille’s equation describes the laminar flow of a fluid through a cylindrical pipe, often applied to describe the flow through the pores of a filter medium. $Q = \frac{\pi r^4 \Delta P}{8 … Read more
Filter Aids Filter aids are materials added to the fluid to improve the filtration process. They can prevent clogging, improve flow rates, and enhance the clarity of the filtrate. Common filter aids include: Diatomaceous Earth: Made from fossilized remains of diatoms, used in fine filtration. Perlite: A volcanic glass material that expands and is used … Read more
Principle of Meta Filter The meta filter operates on the principle of surface and depth filtration, using metal meshes or sintered metal to filter out particles from fluids. It can handle high temperatures and pressures, making it suitable for demanding applications. Construction of Meta Filter Filter Medium: Metal mesh or sintered metal, often stainless steel, … Read more
Principle of Rotary Drum Filter The rotary drum filter operates on the principle of vacuum filtration, where a vacuum is applied inside the drum to draw liquid through the filter medium, leaving solids behind. Construction of Rotary Drum Filter Rotary Drum: A rotating cylindrical drum covered with a filter cloth. Vacuum System: Creates a vacuum … Read more
Principle of Filter Leaf It operates on the principle of surface filtration, where the slurry is filtered through a porous medium (filtered leaf) to separate solids from liquids. Construction of Filter Leaf Filter Leaf: A metal frame covered with filter cloth or wire mesh. Filter Tank: A tank where the filter leaves are submerged. Agitator: … Read more
Principle of Plate & Frame Filter The plate and frame filter press operates on the principle of pressure filtration. A slurry (mixture of solid particles and liquid) is pumped into the press, and pressure is applied to separate the solid particles from the liquid. Construction of Plate & Frame Filter Filter Plates: Flat plates with … Read more
