- Clonidine is a medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It belongs to a class of drugs known as centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonists.
- Clonidine works by stimulating alpha-2 receptors in the brain, which reduces sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system.
Chemical Structure & Formula
- Chemical Formula: C₉H₉Cl₂N₃
- Structure:
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Mechanism of Action (Detailed)
- Central α2 agonist → Reduces sympathetic outflow → Lowers BP & HR.
- Also acts on imidazoline receptors, which may contribute to its hypotensive effects.
- Reduces norepinephrine release in the spinal cord, leading to analgesic
Physiological Effects
- Cardiovascular: Lowers BP & HR (via central α2 activation).
- CNS: Causes sedation & reduces withdrawal symptoms in opioid users.
- Analgesic: Reduces pain perception at spinal level.
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Side Effects of Clonidine
- Sedation & Dry mouth (common)
- Rebound hypertension (if stopped abruptly)
- Bradycardia & Hypotension
Clinical Uses of Clonidine
- Hypertension (resistant cases)
- Opioid & Alcohol withdrawal (reduces cravings & withdrawal symptoms)
- ADHD (alternative therapy)
- Neuropathic pain (adjuvant therapy)
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