Clonidine Hydrochloride is a centrally acting antihypertensive that lowers blood pressure by decreasing sympathetic outflow from the brain.
Structure of Clonidine Hydrochloride
- It is an imidazoline derivative with a chlorinated aromatic ring and an imidazoline core.
- Chemical Formula: C₉H₉ClN₂ · HCl
Mode of Action
- Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonism: Activates central alpha-2 receptors in the brainstem.
- Sympathetic Inhibition: Decreases sympathetic outflow, reducing peripheral vascular resistance and lowering blood pressure.
- Analgesic Effects: Modulates pain perception through central mechanisms.
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Uses
- Hypertension: Manages high blood pressure by reducing sympathetic tone.
- ADHD: Used as an adjunctive therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
- Opioid Withdrawal: Alleviates withdrawal symptoms by reducing sympathetic hyperactivity.
- Anxiety Disorders: Provides calming effects and reduces anxiety.
- Pain Management: Employed in chronic pain conditions for its analgesic properties.
