Conformational Isomerism in Ethane (C₂H₆)

Conformational Isomerism in Ethane (C₂H₆)

Conformational Isomerism in Ethane (C₂H₆) shows staggered and eclipsed forms from C–C bond rotation, with staggered being more stable.

Structure and Rotation

• Ethane contains a C–C sigma bond that allows free rotation.
• Each carbon is bonded to three hydrogen atoms.
• The rotation around the C–C bond leads to different conformations.

Main Conformations

1. Staggered Conformation:

   • The hydrogen atoms on the front and back carbons are 60° apart.
   • Torsional strain is minimized.
   • Most stable conformation.

2. Eclipsed Conformation:

   • The hydrogen atoms are aligned with each other.
   • Torsional strain is at maximum due to electron repulsion.
   • Least stable conformation.

Energy Difference

• The staggered conformation is approximately 12 kJ/mol more stable than the eclipsed conformation.

Potential Energy Diagram

• A sinusoidal curve where:
  • Valleys = staggered conformations (lowest energy).
  • Peaks = eclipsed conformations (highest energy).

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