Cosmetics

• Cosmetics are products used to enhance or alter the appearance, fragrance, or texture of the human body, especially the skin, hair, and nails.
• Cosmetics include makeup, skincare, and personal care items designed to improve hygiene, beautify, and promote confidence.

Lipsticks:

Definition:

• Lipsticks are solid, wax-based products intended to color and protect the lips.
• The primary objectives in formulating lipsticks are:
• Color payoff: Deliver vibrant, even coloration.
• Texture: Ensure a smooth and uniform application.
• Stability: Maintain structure under different temperature conditions.
• Safety: Use ingredients that are non-irritating when applied to the lips.

Key Ingredients

1. Waxes: Provide structure and firmness (e.g., carnauba wax, beeswax, candelilla wax).
2. Oils: Add gloss and spreadability (e.g., castor oil, mineral oil, lanolin).
3. Pigments: Provide color (e.g., iron oxides, organic pigments).
4. Preservatives and antioxidants: Ensure product stability (e.g., tocopherol, BHT).
5. Fragrance: For aesthetic appeal.

Formulation and Preparation

1. Melting and Mixing (Oil Phase & Wax Phase)

   • Waxes are heated to their melting point.
   • Oils, butters, and other oil-soluble ingredients are added and mixed until homogenous.

2. Color Dispersion

   • Pigments are ground or milled (e.g., three-roll mill) with a portion of the oil to reduce particle size and ensure uniform distribution.
   • This pigment–oil mixture is then added to the melted wax phase under constant stirring.

3. Cooling and Homogenization

   • The mixture is cooled slightly to allow partial solidification.
   • Thorough stirring ensures that pigments remain uniformly dispersed.

4. Molding

   • The cooled, semi-solid lipstick mass is poured into lipstick molds (often metal or silicone).
   • The lipstick is left to solidify (sometimes in a cooling tunnel), then removed from the molds.

5. Flaming and Finishing

   • The lipstick is passed through a gentle flame to create a glossy surface and remove surface imperfections.
   • Final lipsticks are inserted into their cases or tubes.

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