Introduction of Coulson and Moffitt’s Modification:
- Coulson and Moffitt’s Modification in 1947, modified Baeyer’s theory by introducing the concept of non-planar ring structures, particularly for cyclohexane.
Key Concepts:
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Non-Planar Structures:
- They proposed that cyclohexane is not planar but rather adopts non-planar structures like the chair and boat conformations, which relieve angle strain.
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Bond Angle Deformation:
- Coulson and Moffitt introduced the idea that bond angles in larger rings can deviate slightly from the ideal tetrahedral angle without causing significant strain.
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Stability Explanation:
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Cyclohexane:
- Cyclohexane is most stable in the chair conformation, where the bond angles are very close to 109.5°, and there is no angle strain.
- The boat conformation, while less stable, also demonstrates that cyclohexane can adopt various non-planar forms to relieve strain.
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Larger Rings:
- For rings larger than cyclohexane, Coulson and Moffitt modification explains that they can adopt puckered or twisted conformations, reducing angle strain.
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