Definition:
The temperature at which two partially miscible liquids become fully miscible (UCST) or fully immiscible (LCST).
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Upper Critical Solution Temperature (UCST):
- Below this temperature, the liquids are completely miscible.
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Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST):
- Above this temperature, the liquids are completely miscible.
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Characteristics:
- Phase Transition Point: Represents the temperature at which the nature of the miscibility changes dramatically.
- Dependency: CST can depend on the nature of the substances, pressure, and the presence of other solutes.
- Examples: Triethylamine and water show UCST behavior, while nicotine and water exhibit an LCST.
Applications:
- Thermosensitive Polymers: Used in temperature-responsive drug delivery systems.
- Chemical Engineering: Important for temperature-controlled processes like solvent recovery.
- Research and Development: Essential in synthesizing new materials with desired thermal properties.
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