Dactinomycin is an anti-neoplastic antibiotic used to treat cancers like Wilms’ tumor and sarcomas by inhibiting DNA-dependent RNA synthesis.
Structure of Dactinomycin
- It is also known as Actinomycin D, is a polypeptide antibiotic with a chromophore linked to two cyclic peptide components.
- Chemical Formula: C₂₄H₁₉N₃O₇
Mode of Action
- DNA Intercalation: Dactinomycin inserts itself between DNA base pairs, disrupting the double helix structure.
- Inhibition of RNA Synthesis: Prevents the binding of RNA polymerase to DNA, thereby inhibiting transcription.
- Antiproliferative Effects: Halts cell division by blocking DNA and RNA synthesis, leading to cell death.
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Uses
- Wilms’ Tumor: A type of kidney cancer in children.
- Ewing’s Sarcoma: A malignant bone tumor.
- Rhabdomyosarcoma: A cancer of muscle tissue.
- Testicular Cancer: Particularly seminomas.
- Ovarian Cancer: In combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.
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